BLANK  BOOKS,  STATIONERY,  &c. 


FRANCIS  &  LOUTREL, 

45  Maiden  Lane,  !¥•  IT., 

STATIONERS,  PRINTERS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Patent  Spring*   Back  Account  Book?, 

PATENT  SAFETY  CHECK. 

This  Check  cannot  be  altered  without  instant  detection. 

Our  PATENT  COPYABLE  PRINTING  INK  will  copy  In  an 
•rdinary  copying  press  equal  to  any  of  the  tiuid  writing  inks. 

All  kinds  ol  first-class  Stationery,  Writing  Papers,  Desks,  Portfolios,  Scrap  Books, 
Expense  Books,  Diaries,  Ladies'.  Gents'  and  Family  Wash  Books,  Pocket  Cutlery, 
Cards,  Chessmen,  Wallets,  <fec.  Use  Francis'  Improved  Manifold  Letter  Writer, 
by  which  Letters  and  Copies  are  written  at  the  same  time.  Copying  and  Seal 
Presses. 

We  keep  everything  in  our  line  and  sell  at  lowest  prices. 

TO  PRINTERS.— Use  our  Patent  Composition  for  Inking  rollers — does  not 
harden,  shrink  or  crack,  and  retains  its  suction  for  years.  Also,  our  patent  Tint 
Inks.   Oilers  solicited.  FRANCIS  &  LOUTREL, 

>>  45,>Iaiden  Lane,  New  York. 


ESTABLISHED  1817'. 


Manufacturers  and  Importers, 

652  BROADWAY,  N.  Y. 


SWISS    WATCHES  of  all  descriptions, 
PARIS  and  GENEVA  Gold  Jewelry. 
CLOCKS  ami  Mantel  Ornaments'. 
BRONZE   GROUPS  and  Statuettes. 
CARRIAGE  CLOCKS,  library  Sets. 
MUSICAL  BOXES,  Fancy  Goods. 
CHATELAINE  WATCHES  in  great  variety. 
HORSE-TIMERS,  &c. 


Sole  Agents  for  the  Celebrated 

JAMES    NARDIN  WATCH. 


House  in  Geneva,  14  Grand  Q,uai. 


FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY, 

OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Office,  No.  1 20  Broadway,  New  York, 

Cor.  Cedar  Street* 

INCORPORATED 

B.  S.  WALCOTT,  President.  I.  REMSEN  LANE,  Secretary. 

Cash  Capital,    -  $500,000  00 

Assets,  January  1st,  1874,  31.592,775.09 

Agencies  in  all  the  Principal  Towns  in  the  United  States. 
CHARLES  L.  ROE,  ^4^.  Sec'y.  THOMAS  JAMES,  Actuary. 

Western  and  Southern  Agency  Department,  New  York;  "Under- 
writer's Agency,"  A.  STODDART,  General  Agent. 


EVERYTHING 


FOR  THE 


€4 


SOLD  BY 


Peter  Henderson  &  Co., 


IPlAwf  < 


35  CORTLANDT  STREET, 


New  Tor 7c. 


(^"Catalogues  mailed  on  application. 


BROADWAY  and  42d  STREET, 

NEW  YORK. 

But  three  blocks  distant  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot 
of  the  New  York  Central.  Hudson  River,  Harlem  and  £ew 
Haven  and  Boston  Railroads,  on  Forty-second  Street 
Broadwav,  Sixth  and  Seventh  Avenue  Lines  of  Horse-Cars 
running  by  and  near  the  Hotel,  day  and  mght,  between 
City  Hall  and  Central  Park. 

House  new-Rooms  large  (en  suite  or  single)^ elegantly 
furnished,  and  perfectly  ventilated,  and  every  Room  sup- 
plied with  Hot  and  Cold  Water,  Steam  and  Gas. 
Steam  Elevators,  Telegraph-office,  Baths,  etc. 


RAND  BROTHERS,  Proprietors. 


M.  J.  PAILLARD  &  CO., 


680  BROADWAY, 

Manufacturers  and  Jmporters  of 


MUSICAL  BOXES 

M.  J.  PAILLARD  &  CO.,  680  Broadway,  N.  Y., 
are  the  largest  Importers  of,  and  Dealers  m 

Musical  boxes.  In  their  immense,  attractive  and  well  se- 
lected stock  (the  largest  and  finest  in  the  world)  can  be 
found  a  variety  of  these  charming  instruments  ranging 
from  the  small  toy  box  that  plays  1,  2,  3  or  4  tunes,  for 
babies  and  children,  to  those  of  the  most  elegant  dimen- 
sions playing  from  4  to  over  1 00  different  tunes,  for  inva- 
lids, family  circles  and  parlors. 

Persons  visiting  New  York  will  find  at  M.  J.  Paillard 
&  Co.'s  the  most  desirable  article  to  make  a  present  with 
to  their  families  or  friends,  while  they  can  enjoy  an  hour 
of  rest  in  listening  to  delicious  music. 

MUSICAL  BOXES  REPAIRED  BY  SKILLFUL  WORKMEN. 


M.  J.  Paillard  &  Co.,  680  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


GEORGE  A.  LEAVITT  &  CO., 

AUCTIONEERS, 

BOOK  SALE  ROOMS,  Clinton  Hall,  Astor  Place,  New  York. 
LEAVITT  ART  ROOMS,  817  &  819  Broadway, 

Devote  their  attention  exclusively  to  the  Sale- 
by  Auction,  of 

PAINTINGS,  LIBRARIES, 

COttECTJONe  OF  BOOKS, 

AUTOGRAPHS, 
COINS,  WORKS  OF  ART, 

ALL  EINDS  OF  LITEEAEY  PEOPEETY, 

Libraries  Catalogued  and  Sold. 

Collections  of  Paintings  Catalogued  and  Sold. 


Having  recently  leased  the  Galleries,  817  &  819 
Broadway,  formerly  known  as  the  "  Leeds  Art  Galleries," 
the  Undersigned  offer  unusual  facilities  for  the  Exhibi- 
tion and  Sale  of  Painting's. 

GEORGE  A.  LEAVITT  &  CO. 


BARR  &  CO., 

BOOKBINDERS, 

173  and  175  Grand  Street, 

Cor.  Baxter,  1ST  IE  "W  YORK. 

Tree,  Jf  alf  aj^d  fuLL  £alf, 

Russia,  Turkay  and  Levant  Morocco  Bindings. 

Magazines,  Music  and  Autographs  bound  in  the  most 
elegant  styles.    Estimates  cheerfully  given. 

BARR   db  OCX, 
173  and  175  Grand  Street,  cor.  Baxter  Street,  New  York. 

930  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 
A.  J.  HOLMAN  &  CO., 

PUBLISHERS  op 

family  &  Pulpit  !ifil§sf 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

PHOTOGRAPH  ALBUMS. 

FIRST  PREMIUMS  AWARDED  FOR  FINELY  ILLUSTRATED  FAMILY  DIDLES, 

BY  THE 

AMERICAN  INSTITUTE,  NEW  YORK; 

CINCINNATI  INDUSTRIAL  EXPOSITION;  and 

FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE  EXHIBITION,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Our  numerous  styles  of  BIBLES  vary  from  $1.50  to  $30,  embracing 
TURKEY  MOROCCO,  PANKLED,  full  gilt  ;  ANTIQUE 
LEVANT,  equal  to  the  LON DON  and  OXFORD  Editions, 

yt  halt'  their  prices. 


ATLANTIC  MUTUAL 


INSURANCE  COMPANY, 

51  WALL  8TREET. 


MARINE  AND  INLAND  INSIRANfE. 


JOHN  D.  JONES,  Pres. 
CHARLES  DENNIS,  V.  Preg. 
W.  H.  H.  MORE,  2d  V.  Pres. 
JOHN  D.  HEWLETT,  3d  V.  Vrm. 

J.  H.  CHAPMAN,  Secretary 


ALEX.  PIRIE  &  SONS' 

CELEBRATED 

Writing  Papers 


AND 


INYILOPE& 

FOR  SALE  AT  ALL 

FIRST-CLASS  STATIONERS, 

AND  WHOLESALE  BY  THE  ESTATE  OP 

GEO.  H.  REAY, 

No.  77  JOHN  STREET, 


JAMES  CONNER'S  SONS' 

UNITED  STATES 


Type  and  Electrotype  Foundry 


PRINTERS' 
WAREHOUSE, 

28,  30  Sc  32 

CESTBE  STBEET, 

Cor.Duane&Reade  Sis 
NEW  YORK. 


A  LAHGE  8TOCK  OF 

English  and  German 
Paces, 

JjjBoth  Plain  and  Or 
namental, 

KEPT  ON  HAND. 

ALL  TYPE  CAST  AT  THIS  ESTABLISHMENT  IS  MANUFACTURED 
FROM  THE  METAL  KNOWN  AS 

'CONNER'S  UNEQUALED  HARD  TYPE  METAL." 

Every  Article  necessary  for  a  Perfect  Printing  Office  furnished  at  Short  Notice. 
The  Type  on  which  this  Book  is  Printed  is  from  the  above  Foundry, 

Spanish,  French  and  Portuguese  Founts  furnished  with  the  proper 
Accents. 


The  Largest  and  Finest  Hotel  in  the  World  ! 

Erected  at  a  total  cost  of  $2,500,000,  the  Grand  Central  Hotel  offers 
every  convenience  and  luxury  belonging  to  its  high  position  among 
first-class  hotels.  Midway  between  up-town  and  down-town  hotels,  it 
also  offers  the  best  advantages  in  location. 

TERMS— $3,  $3.50  and  $4  per  day,  according  to  location  of  floor. 
H.  Li.  POWERS,  Proprietor. 


T.  B.  PETERSON  &  BROTHERS, 

Publishers  and  Booksellers, 
No-  3068,  Chestnut  St.,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 

We  publish  and  have  constantly  on  hand  full  and  varied  editions  of 
the  works  of  all  tne  famous  American  and  Foreign  novelists,  whose 
writings  are  very  entertaining,  and  are  among  the  most  popular  now  in 
existence.  The  most  of  thein  are  bound  in  strong  cloth  binding,  and  a 
few  in  paper  covers.  Examination  is  asked  for  the  editions  of  ihe  " 
writings  of  Mrs.  Ann  S.  Stephens,  a  very  popular  favorite  ;  Mrs.  E.  D. 
E.  N.  Southworth,  whose  romances  are  always  in  demand  ;  Mrs. 
Ellent  Wood,  the  authoress  of  k'East  Lynne  ;"  Mrs.  Caroline  Lee 
Hentz,  whose  stories  of  Southern  life  stand  unparalleled  in  their  sim- 
ple truth  and  exquisite  beauty  ;  Mrs.  C.  A.  Warfield,  another  very 
popular  Southern  writer  ;  Miss  Eliza  A.  Dupuy,  who  has  made  a 
wonderful  mark,  and  is  gaining  great  popularity  every  day  ;  G.  W.  M. 
Reynolds,  whose  romances  of  London  life,  founded  on  facts,  are  of 
ma  chless  interest ;  Sut  Walter  Scott,  whose  Wavcrley "  novels 
still  maintain  a  strong  hold  on  the  people.  Charles  Dickens'  complete 
writings  we  furnish  in  every  variety  of  style.  We  have  also  complete 
sets,  in  various  styles  of  binding,  of  the  weird  stories  of  George  Lip- 
pard  ;  the  martial  novels  of  Chaules  Lever  ;  the  comical  nautical  tales 
of  Captain  Marry att  ;  Emerson  Bennett's  Indian  stories;  Henry 
Cockton's  laughable  narratives  :  T.  S.  Arthur's  temperance  tales  and 
household  stories;  the  wmideiful  and  entertaining  novels  of  Alexander 
Dumas,  Eugene  Sue,  and  W.  H.  Ainsworth  ;  Gust  AVE  Aeuard's 
stories  of  Western  life  ;  the  quiet  domestic  novels  of  Fredrika 
Bremer  and  Ellen  Pickering  ;  the  masterly  novels  of  Wilkie  Col- 
lins and  George  Sand  ;  Frank  Fairlegh's  quaint  stories,  and 
Samuel  Warren's  elaborate  romances;  the  works  of  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Newby,  Mrs.  Grey,  and  Miss  Pardoe  ;  W.  H.  Herbhrt's  sporting 
stories,  and  the  graphic  Italian  romances  of  T.  A.  Tkolt.ope  ;  together 
with  numerous  others.  Our  collection  of  novels  is  very  large  and  choice, 
and  we  are  in  a  position  to  supply  all  book-buyers,  either  at  retail  or 
wholesale,  on  very  advantageous  terms,  and  at  exceedingly  low  and 
popular  prices  for  cash. 

For  the  accommodation  of  readers,  all  of  our  publications  can  be  had 
of  the  principal  Booksellers  and  News  Agents  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  Canada. 

We  invite  all  visiting  Philadelphia  to  give  us  a  call,  if  only  to  inspect 
our  various  editions  and  secure  a  copy  of  our  new  111 u>t rated  Catalogue, 
containing  a  Portrait  and  Sketch  of  all  our  principal  Authors,  which  is 
free  to  all ;  or  it  will  be  sent  to  any  address,  if  written  for,  and  careful 
and  immediate  attention  will  be  paid  to  all  orders  sent  us. 

Address  all  orders  and  communications  for  further  information  to 

T.  B.  PETERSON  &  BROTHERS, 

Publishers  and  Booksellers, 
No.  3068,  Chestnut  St.,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 


F.  JULIUS  KALDENBERG-, 


Received  a  Prize 

AT  THE 

Paris  Exposition 
1867. 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


GENUINE  MEERSCHAUM  PIPES, 

Amber  Mouth  Pieces,  Stems,  Amber  Jewelry,  &c, 

All  kinds  of  Repairing,  Boiling  in  Wax,  Etc. 

Mounting  in  Gold  and   Silver.    Ambers  put  on  at  the 
shortest  notice,  by  the  most  competent  men  in 
the   trade,  and  on  my  own  premises. 
PIPES,   HOLDERS  AND  MEERSCHAUMS 

made  to  order  with   Monograms,  Crests,  Portraits,  etc. 

By  a  new  process  I  boil  Pipes  all  over,  and  warrant  the 
color  to  remain.    No  Button  required  in  Smoking. 


Importer  of, 
Dealer  in  Ivory, 
Tortoise  Shell, 

Manufacturer  of 
IVORY 


Turner  and 
PEAEL  SHELL, 
Bone,  Horn,  etc, 

all  kinds  of 
GOOD  S. 


PEARL  WORK  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Fine  Umbrella  Handles  made  for  the  trade,  with  fancy 
designs  and  carvings  a  specialty. 

Martingales  and  Napkin  Rings,  Walking  Canes,  Opera  Glasses,  lyory  and  Pearl 

Fans,  Toirtoise  Shell  Goods,  Etc.,  Etc. 

REPAIRING  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES. 

IF\    J-  KALDENBEB.G, 

Factory  and  Salesroom,  117  Fulton  Street, 

3d  door  from  Nassau,  running  through  to  44  Ann  Street. 

STORES:  71  Nassau  Street,  Corner  John. 

6  Astor  House,  Broadway,  opposite  New  Post  Office. 

And  |  |  7  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 


Wilkii^'  8M  &  dk^e  ^nqpoi^iunq, 

1247  BROADWAY,  near  31st  Street. 
A  great  variety  of  the  best  Birds  and  Cages  in  the  Market  at  the  lowest  prices, 

Taie  Birds 

A  Specialty. 

Talking  Parrots, 

Whistling 
BULLFINCHES, 

Always  on  hand. 

Visitors  Welcome, 

^LSO,    ft.   JMNE   j^LORAL,  pEPARTMENT. 

A  Great  Variety  of  Cat  Flowers  and  Plants  Constantly  on  Hand. 
All  orders  for  Parties,  Funerals,  etc.,  promptly  attended  to. 

ARLINGTON  HOUSE, 

22,  24  &  26  FOURTEENTH  ST,, 

Between  Union  Square  &  5th  Avenue. 

EUROPEAN  PLAN, 

ROOMS  PER  DAY  OR  WEEK. 

I<.  $tine,  Proprietor,  J^EW  yoRK. 

This  House  is  located  in  the  most  central  part  of  the  city, 
and  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  all  places  of  amuse- 
ment and  principal  business  houses.  All  modern  lan- 
guages spoken.    Rooms  en  suite  or  single. 


SEED, 

#00®, 

AND 

All  kinds  of  Goods 
connected  with  a 
first-class  business, 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


( AVERY 
VOURST 


MILLER'S 

NEW  YORK  AS  IT  IS. 

OB 

STRANGER'S  GUIDE-BOOK 

TO  THE  CITIES  OP 

NEW   rORK,  BROOKLYN 

AND  ADJACENT  PLACES: 

COMPRISING  NOTICES  OF 

EVERY  OBJECT  OF  INTEREST  TO  STRANG  EB8; 

INCLUDING 

'UBLIO  BUILDINGS,  CHURCHES,  HOTELS,   PLACES  OF 
AMUSEMENT.  LITERARY  INSTITUTIONS,  Etc. 

WElitf)  jHap  artU  numerous  5 Iluatratfon*. 


NEW  YORK: 
JAMES  MILLER.  647  BROADWAY. 
1876. 


129.1 


3 


Entered  according  to  \ct  of  Congress,  in  the  year  18<W, 
By  JAMES  MILLER, 
fn  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  SUtes  for  th« 
District  of  Connecticut. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Historical  Localities    5 

Historic  Retrospect   13 

General  View  ...   *   20 

New  York  as  it  is   23 

Parks  and  Public  Squares   27 

Public  Buildings     38 

Benevolent  Institutions   45 

Literary  and  Scientific  Institutions   54 

Theological  Institutions   64 

New  York  Press   66 

Places  of  Amusement   70 

Hotels   74 

Churches  of  New  York   81 

Notable  Stores,  &c   90 

Post  Office   93 

Banks  .   94 

Savings  Banks   96 

Public  Works   97 

Clipper  Ships,  Packets,  &c   100 

Forts  and  Fortifications   100 

Principal  Hotels   .  101 

New  York  Markets   101 

Ocean  Steamships   103 

Telegraph  Lines   105 

Omnibuses  and  Rail  Cars   106 

Railroads   . .  109 

The  Ferries      Ill 

Express  Companies   112 

List  of  Piers   .  114 

Offices  of  City  Government   115 

The  City  of  Brooklyn   ...  116 

Brooklyn  Hotels   121 

 Public  Institutions   123 

Churches  of  Brooklyn  ♦   124 

Pleasure  Excursions   127 

The  Environs  of  the  City   129 

Distances  in  the  City   131 

The  Hudson  River   132 

Supplemental  Hints   137 

Metropolitan  Police     142 

How  to  Leave  New  York   144 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  WAS 


HISTORICAL  LOCALITIES. 

The  denizens  of  New  York  are  such  utilitarians  that 
they  have  sacrificed  to  the  shrine  of  Mammon  almost 
every  relic  of  the  olden  time.  The  feeling  of  venera- 
tion for  the  past,  so  characteristic  of  the  cities  of  the 
Old  World,  is  lamentably  deficient  among  the  people  of 
the  New.  Still,  as  there  are  some  who  may  take  an  in- 
terest in  knowing  even  the  sites  of  memorable  historic 
places  of  the  city,  we  will  briefly  refer  to  some  of  them. 
Few,  we  presume,  are  not  patriotic  enough  to  gaze 
with  interest  as  they  pass  through  Franklin  Square, 
on  the  site  of  the  old  town  mansion  of  Washington, 
which  stood  at  the  northeast  angle  of  Franklin  Square 
and  Pearl  street ;  or  tread  the  sod  of  Fort  Greene, 
Brooklyn,  that  battle-ground  of  the  Martyrs  of  Liberty. 

Taking  the  Battery  as  a  starting-point,  the  first  ob 
ject  of  historic  interest  wo  encounter,  is  the  old  Ken 
nedy  House,  No.  1  Broadway.  During  the  war  of  in- 
dependence, it  was  successively  the  residence  of  Lord 
Cornwallis,  Gen.  Clinton,  Lord  Howe,  and  Gen.  Wash- 
ington. This  house  was  erected  in  1760,  by  Hon. 
Capt.  Kennedy,  who  returned  to  England  prior  to  the 
Revolution.  It  subsequently  came  into  the  possession 
of  his  youngest  son,  from  whom  it  ultimately  passed  into 
that  of  the  late  Nathaniel  Prime.  Talleyrand  passed 
some  time  under  its  roof. 

From  this  house  anxious  eyes  watched  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  statue  of  George  III.,  in  the  Bowling 
Green ;  and  a  few  years  afterwards,  other  eyes  saw, 


6 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  WAS. 


from  its  windows,  the  last  soldiers  of  that  king  passing 
forever  from  our  shores.  Still  lsfter,  others  looked 
sadly  on  the  funeral  of  Fulton,  who  died  in  a  house 
which  had  been  built  in  what  was  once  the  garden. 

Here  Arnold  concerted  his  treasonable  project  with 
Andre  at  the  Clinton's — his  head-quarters  at  the  time.* 
Arnold  also  occupied  more  frequently  the  third  house 
from  the  Battery,  in  Broadway.  Arnold  is  said  to 
have  had  a  sentinel  at  his  door.  When  his  traitorous 
character  had  become  known,  he  used  to  be  saluted  in 
the  streets  by  the  epithet  of  "the  traitor-general." 
He  was  guarded  by  an  escort  from  Sir  Henry  Clinton. 
Gen.  Gage's  head-quarters,  in  1765,  was  the  small  low 
building  since  known  as  the  Atlantic  Garden. 

The  Bowling  Green  was  originally  inclosed,  in  1732, 
"  with  walks  therein  for  the  beauty  and  ornament  of 
said  street,  as  well  as  for  the  sports  and  delight  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  citie." 

In  1697,  it  was  resolved  "that  the  lights  be  hung 
out  in  the  darke  time  of  the  moon  within  this  citty, 
and  for  the  use  of  the  inhabitants;  and  that  every  7th 
house  doe  hang  out  a  lanthorn  and  a  candle  in  it,"  &c. 

The  site  of  the  old  Government  house  is  now  occu- 
pied by  a  range  of  dwelling-houses,  at  the  south  side 
of  the  inclosure,  called  the  Bowling  Green.  It  was 
subsequently  used  as  the  Custom  House  (from  1790  to 
1815),  when  it  was  taken  down.  Earlier  recollections 
even  belong  to  this  location ;  here  the  Dutch  and  Eng- 
lish forts  were  erected.  At  the  corner  of  Wall  and 
William  streets,  now  the  Bank  of  New  York,  once 
stood  the  statue  of  William  Pitt.  The  old  Stadt 
Huys  stood  at  Coenties  Slip.  On  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent U.  S.  Treasury,  was  situated  the  Town  Hall,  or 
u  Congress  Hall,"  which  included  also  the  Law  Courts 
and  Prison.  In  front  of  this  building  wTere  the  stocks, 
a  pillowy,  and  a  whipping-post.  This  edifice  was  sub- 
sequently converted  into  a  hall  of  legislature. 

Jt  was  in  its  gallery,  on  Wall  street,  in  April,  1789, 
that  Gen.  Washington  was  inaugurated  the  Jirst  Presi- 


HISTOEIOAL  LOCALITIES. 


7 


dent  of  the  United  States.  This  important  public  cere- 
mony, the  oath  of  office,  took  place  in  the  open  gallery 
in  front  of  the  Senate  Chamber,  in  the  view  of  an  im- 
mense concourse  of  citizens.  There  stood  Washington, 
invested  with  a  suit  of  dark  silk  velvet,  of  the  old 
cut,  steel-hilted  small-sword  by  his  side,  hair  in  bag 
and  full  powdered,  in  black  silk  hose,  and  shoes  with 
silver  buckles,  as  he  took  the  oath  of  office,  to  Chancel- 
lor Livingston.  Dr.  Duer  thus  describes  the  scene  of 
the  inauguration : 

u  This  auspicious  ceremony  took  place  under  the  por- 
tico of  Federal  Hall,  upon  the  balcony  in  front  of  the 
Senate  Chamber,  in  the  immediate  presence  of  both 
Houses  of  Congress,  and  in  full  view  of  the  crowds 
that  thronged  the  adjacent  streets.  The  oath  was  ad- 
ministered by  Chancellor  Livingston,  and  when  the 
illustrious  chief  had  kissed  the  book,  the  Chancellor, 
with  a  loud  voice,  proclaimed,  "Long  live  George 
Washington,  President  of  the  United  States."  Never 
shall  I  forget  the  thrilling  effect  of  the  thundering  « 
cheers  which  burst  forth,  as  from  one  voice,  peal  after 
peal  from  the  assembled  multitude.  Nor  was  it  the 
voices  alone  of  the  people  that  responded  to  the  an 
nouncement,  their  hearts  beat  in  unison  with  the 
echoes  resounding  through  the  distant  streets;  and 
many  a  tear  stole  down  the  rugged  cheeks  of  the  hard- 
iest of  the  spectators,  as  well  I  noted  from  my  station 
in  an  upper  window  of  the  neighboring  house  of  Col. 
Hamilton." 

Washington's  farewell  interview  with  his  officers 
took  place  at  France's  Tavern,  corner  of  Pearl  and 
Broad  streets. 

"New  York  is  noted  for  its  pageants  and  processions. 
That  on  the  occasion  of  the  last  visit  of  Gen.  Lafay- 
ette, presented  the  most  imposing  spectacle  of  its  time. 

In  ancient  times  boats  were  used  to  convey  passen- 
gers across  Pearl  street.  Canal  and  Cliff  streets  deri  ve 
their  names  from  a  like  circumstance.  The  Old  Dutch 
records  show  that  the  outskirts  of  the  town  were  di- 


8 


NEW  YORK   A3  IT  WAS. 


vided  into  farms — called  "  Bouwerys  ;"  From  this  fact 
the  Bowery  derived  its  name. 

The  hills  .were  sometimes  precipitous,  as  from  Beek- 
mairs  and  Peck's  hills,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Pearl,  Beekman,  and  Ferry  streets,  and  from  the  Middle 
Dutch  Church,  in  Nassau  street,  down  to  Maiden  lane ; 
and  sometimes  gradually  sloping,  as  on  either  hills 
along  the  line  of  the  water,  coursing  through  Maiden 
lane. 

When  Hamilton  acted  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
he  wrote  the  "  Federalist,"  at  a  house  in  Wall  street, 
between  Broad  and  William  streets,  its  site  being  now 
occupied  by  the  Mechanics'  Bank.  His  last  residence 
was  the  Grange,  at  Bloomingdale.  He  lived  also  for 
some  time  at  Bayard  House  on  the  banks  of  the  North 
River.  His  hapless  duel  with  Burr,  near  Weehawken, 
is  pointed  out  to  visitors, — a  stone  marks  the  spot  where 
Hamilton  fell. 

Leisler  and  Milbourne,  the  proto-martyrs  of  popular 
liberty  in  America,  met  with  a  sanguinary  death,  May 
16th,  1691,  on  the  verge  of  Beekman's  swamp,  near  the 
spot  wrhere  Tammany  Hall  now  stands. 

Where  Catharine  street  now  stands,  was  the  spot 
where  the  stamps  were  burnt,  at  the  dead  of  night,  by 
citizens,  in  the  year  1776. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  while  residing  in  New  York,  used 
as  an  observatory  for  experimentiug  on  electricity,  the 
steeple  of  the  old  Dutch  Church, — now  the  Post-Office, 
in  Nassau  street.  Who  will  not  gaze  with  interest  at 
this  starting-point  of  that  luminous  train  which  now  en- 
circles the  globe,  and  by  which  we  communicate  in  let- 
ters  of  light,  with  our  antipodes,  almost  with  the  celer- 
ity of  thought. 

The  old  City  Hotel,  in  Broadway,  the  site  of  which  is 
now  occupied  by  a  row  of  brown  stone  buildings,  was 
for  a  long  time  the  most  notable  edifice  of  the  kind  in 
the  city.  Here  Washington,  with  his  suite,  attended  the 
brilliant  assemblies  of  his  days. 

A  still  more  interesting  relic  of  the  past,  was  the  old 


The  Largest  and  Finest  Hotel  in  the  World  ! 

Erected  at  a  total  cost  of  $2,500,000,  the  Grand  Central  Hotel  offers 
every  convenience  and  luxury  belonging  to  its  high  position  among 
first-class  hotels.  Midway  between  up-town  and  down-town  hotels,  it 
also  offers  the  best  advantages  in  location. 

TERMS— S3,  p. 50  and  $4  per  day,  according  to  location  of  floor. 


H.  Li.  POWERS,  Proprietor. 


HISTORICAL  LOCALITIES. 


9 


Jugar-House  Prison,  which,  till  within  a  very  few  years, 
stood  in  Liberty  street,  adjacent  to  the  Dutch  Church, 
now  the  Post-Office.  It  was  founded  in  1689,  and  oc- 
cupied as  a  sugar-refining  factory,  till  1777,  when  Lord 
Howe  converted  it  into  a  place  of  confinement  for 
American  prisoners.    Here  is  a  sketch  of  it. 


The  old  Walton  House,  in  Pearl  street  (No.  326),  waa 
one  of  the  memorabilia  of  New  York  city.  This  cele- 
orated  mansion  was  erected,  in  1754,  by  "Walton,  a 
wealthy  English  merchant.  It  continued  in  possession  of 
the  family  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was  the 
scene  of  great  splendor  and  festf  vity. 

Washington's  city  mansion  stood  at  the  junction  of 
Main  and  Pearl  streets — the  northern  angle  of  Franklin 
Square.  Here  the  General  was  accustomed  to  hold 
state  levees. 

The  Old  Brewery,  at  the  Five  Points,  recently  taken 
down,  is  deserving  of  some  notice.  Its  purlieus  were 
those  of  wretchedness  and  crime  ;  they  have  been  fitly 
described  as  "  an  exhibition  of  poverty  without  a  par- 


10 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  WAS. 


allel — a  scene  of  degradation  too  appalling  to  be  believed, 
and  too  shocking  to  be  disclosed,  where  you  find  crime 
without  punishment, — disgrace  without  shame. — sin 
without  compunction, — and  death  without  hope." 

During  the  past  few  years,  the  attention  of  the  be- 
nevolent has  been  attracted  to  this  locality,  and  a 
missionary  station  has  been  erected  there,  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Pease.  The  entire  cost  of  the  estab- 
lishment has  been  estimated  at  over  $80,000. 

The  old  Methodist  Church  in  John  street,  nearly 
facing  Dutch  street,  is  an  object  of  antiquarian  interest. 
In  William  street,  about  midway  between  John  and 
Fulton  streets,  stands  a  range  of  modern  houses,  about 
the  centre  of  wrhich  was  the  birth-place  of  Washington 
Irving. 


Old  Governor  Stuyvesant's  house,  a  fine  view  of 
which  is  annexed,  stood  upon  his  "  Bowerie  Farm,"  a 
little  to  the  south  of  St.  Mark's  Church,  between  the 
Second  and  Third  Avenues.    A  pear-tree,  imported 


HISTORICAL  LOCALITIES. 


from  Holland  in  1647,  by  Stuyvesant,  and  planted  in 
his  garden,  yet  flourishes  on  the  corner  of  Thirteenth 
street  and  Third  Avenue,  the  only  living  relic  which 
preserves  the  memory  of  the  renowned  Dutch  Gov- 
nor.  This  patriarchal  tree  is  two  hundred  and  twelve 
years  old. 

We  present  the  reader  with  a  facsimile  of  Governor 
Stuyvesant's  seal. 


He  lived  eighteen  years  after  the  change  in  tne  gov- 
ernment, and  at  his  death  was  buried  in  his  vault 
within  the  chapel.  Over  his  remains  was  placed  a  slab 
(which  may  yet  be  seen  in  the  eastern  wall  of  St. 
Mark's),  with  the  following  inscription :  "  In  this  vault 
lies  buried  Petrus  Stuyvesant,  late  Captain  General  and 
Commander-in-Chief  of  Amsterdam,  in  New  Nether- 
lands, now  called  New  York,  and  the  Dutch  West  India 
Islands.  Died  in  August,  a.  d.,  1682,  aged  eighty 
years." 

At  the  corner  of  Charlton  and  Varick  streets  stood 
a  wooden  building,  formerly  of  considerable  celebrity, 
known  as  the  "  Richmond  Hill  House."  It  has  had 
many  distinguished  occupants,  having  been  successively 
the  residence  of  General  Washington,  John  Adams,  and 
Aaron  Burr.  It  has  been  the  scene  of  great  festivities. 
Baron  Steuben,  Chancellor  Livingston,  and  numerous 


12 


NEW  YOliK  AS  IT  WAS. 


other  notable  men  of  their  times,  having  met  within  its 
walls. 

Aaron  Burr  once  lived  at  the  corner  of  Cedar  and 
Nassau  streets,  and,  after  he  held  the  office  of  Vice- 
President,  at  the  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau. 

Cobbett  kept  his  seed  store  at  62  Fulton  street.  His 
farm  was  at  Hempstead,  Long  Island. 

Grant  Thorburn's  celebrated  seed  store,  which  was  one 
of  the  notable  objects  of  the  city,  in  its  time,  was  in 
Liberty  street,  between  Nassau  and  Broadway,  and  oc- 
cupied as  large  a  space  as  the  present  establishment  in 
John  street.  His  store  was  previously  used  for  a  Qua- 
ker meeting-house,  the  first  that  that  society  had  erect- 
ed in  the  city. 

The  brick  meeting-house,  built  in  1764,  in  Beokman 


Broadway,  looking 


HISTORICAL  LOCALITIES. 


13 


street,  near  Nassau  street,  then  standing  on  open  fields, 
was  the  place  where  Whitefield  preached. 

On  the  site  of  the  present  Metropolitan  Hotel,  once 
lived  the  diplomatist — Talleyrand,  when  ambassador  to 
the  United  States.  He  published  a  small  tract  on 
America,  once  much  read  ;  he  it  was  who  affirmed  that 
the  greatest  sight  he  had  ever  beheld  in  this  country, 
was  Hamilton,  with  his  pile  of  books  under  his  arm, 
proceeding  to  the  court-room  in  the  old  City  Hall,  in 
order  to  expound  the  law. 

James  FJ-ington,  from  London,  opened  a  bookstore 
in  1761,  near  the  foot  of  Wall  street,  from  which  his 
"  Koyal  Gazetteer  "  was  published  in  April,  1773. 

Gaine's  u  New  York  Mercury,"  in  Hanover  Square, 
was  established  in  1752  ;  Holt's  "  New  York  Journal," 
in  Dock  (Pearl)  street,  near  Wall,  commenced  in  1776; 
and  Anderson's  "  Constitutional  Gazette,"  a  very  small 
sheet,  was  published  for  a  few  months  in  177o,  at  Beek- 
man's  Slip. 

Gaine  kept  a  bookstore  under  the' sign  of  the  Bible 
and  Crown,  at  Hanover  Square,  for  forty  years.  Among 
the  early  publishers  and  booksellers,  may  be  named, 
Evert  Duyckinck,  who  lived  at  the  corner  of  Pearl 
street  and  Old  Slip ;  and  Isaac  Collins,  George  A.  Hop- 
kins, Samuel  Campbell,  and  T.  &  J.  Swords.  • 

William  Barlas,  of  Maiden  Lane,  was  himself  an  ex- 
cellent scholar.  He  published  classical  books.  He  was 
the  friend  and  correspondent  of  Newton — Cowper's 
friend. 


HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT. 

In  the  year  1607,  the  memorable  year  in  which  forty- 
seven  learned  men  began  the  English  version  of  the 
Bible,  Henry  Hudson  sailed  in  search  of  a  northeast 
passage  to  India.    For  two  seasons  he  strove  in  vain  to 
2 


14 


NEW   YORK  AS  IT  WAS. 


penetrate  the  ice  barriers,  and  then  turned  homeward. 
His  patrons  abandoned  their  enterprise,  and  Hudson 
went  over  to  Holland  and  entered  the  service  of  the 
Dutch  East  India  Company,  whose  fleets  then  agitated 
the  waters  of  almost  every  sea. 

On  the  3d  of  September,  1609,  the  intrepid  navigator 
first  entered  the  Bay  of  New  York.  Here  commence 
the  acknowledged  chronicles  of  European  civilization 
on  these  shores  of  the  newly-discovered  continent,  over 
which,  till  then,  the  wTild  Indian  had  held  undisputed 
sway.  According  to  Scandinavian  records,  it  is  af- 
firmed, the  Norsemen  visited  our  shores  even  prior  to 
the  discovery  of  the  continent  by  the  famed  Genoese. 

Among  those  supposed  early  navigutors,  was  Prince 
Madoc;  and  Verrazani,  who,  in  the  year  1514,  is  be- 
lieved to  have  anchored  in  these  waters,  and  explored 
the  coast  of  what  was  then  known  as  part  of  ancient 
Yinland.  We  shall  take  a  cursory  glance  at  the  lead- 
ing events  which  have  been  handed  down  to  us,  since 
they  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  progressive  advance- 
ment of  the  civilized,  over  the  savage  forms  of  life,  of 
which  this  memorable  island  has  been  the  theatre. 

Although  Hudson  has  not  recorded,  in  his  diary,  hi9 
landing  in  the  harbor  of  New  York,  we  possess  a  tra- 
dition of  the  event,  by  Heckewelder,  the  Indian  histo- 
rian. He  describes  the  natives  as  greatly  perplexed 
and  terrified  when  they  beheld  the  approach  of  the 
strange  object — the  ship  in  the  offing.  They  deemed 
it  a  visit  from  the  Manitou,  coming  in  his  big  canoe, 
and  began  to  prepare  an  entertainment  for  his  recep- 
tion. uBy-and-by,  the  chief,  in  red  clothes  and  a 
glittei'  of  metal,  with  others,  came  ashore  in  a  smaller 
canoe ;  mutual  salutations  and  signs  of  friendship  were 
exchanged ;  and  after  a  while,  strong  drink  was  offered, 
which  made  all  gay  and  happy.  In  time,  as  their  mu- 
tual acquaintance  progressed,  the  white  skins  told  them 
they  wrould  stay  with  them,  if  they  allowed  them  as 
much  land  for  cultivation  as  the  hide  of  a  bullock, 
spread  before  them,  could  cover  or  encompass.  The 


HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT. 


15 


request  was  gratified;  and  the  pale  men,  thereupon, 
beginning  at  a  starting  point  on  the  hide,  cut  it  up  into 
one  long  extended  narrow  strip,  or  thong,  sufficient  to 
encompass  a  large  place.  Their  cunning  equally  sur- 
prised and  amused  the  confiding  and  simple  Indians, 
who  willingly  allowed  the  success  of  their  artifice,  and 
backed  it  with  a  cordial  welcome."  Such  was  the  ori- 
gin of  the  site  of  New.  York,  on  the  place  called  Man- 
hattan (i.  e.  Manahachtanienks),  a  revelling  name,  im- 
porting "the  place  where  they  all  got  drunk!"  and  a 
name  then  bestowed  by  the  Indians,  as  commemorative 
of  that  first  great  meeting. 

Hudson  afterwards  proceeded  to  explore  the  North 
River,  since  called  after  his  name — the  Hudson.  The 
Half-Moon  anchored  at  Yonkers,  and  the  Indians  came 
off  in  canoes  to  traffic  with  the  strangers.  But  the 
river  narrowed  beyond  the  Highlands,  and  Hudson, 
after  sailing  up  as  far  as  the  site  of  Albany,  retraced 
his  way  to  Manhattan,  and  at  once  sailed  for  Europe. 
His  favorable  reports  gave  rise  to  an  expedition  of  two 
ships  in  1614,  under  Captains  Adrian  Block  and  Hend-- 
rick  Ohristiaanse.  It  was  under  their  auspices  that  the 
first  actual  settlement  was  begun,  upon  the  site  of  the 
present  New  York,  consisting  in  the  first  year  of  four 
houses,  and  in  the  next  year  of  a  redoubt  on  the  site  of 
the  Bowling  Green.  To  this  small  village  they  gave 
the  name  of  New  Amsterdam.  The  settlement  was  of 
a  commercial  and  military  character,  having  for  its 
object  the  traffic  in  the  fur  trade. 

At  the  time  Holland  projected  this  scheme  of  com- 
mercial settlement,  she  possessed  20,000  vessels  and 
100,000  mariners.  The  city  of  Amsterdam  was  at  the 
head  of  the  enterprise. 

From  its  earliest  period,  "  Nieuw  Amsterdam"  had  a 
checkered  history.  The  English  turned  towards  it  a 
wistful  eye,  and  took  it  from  the  Dutch  in  1664,  who 
succeeded,  however,  in  recovering  it  in  1673.  Not  more 
than  a  year  after,  it  was  ceded  again  to  the  British,  and 
underwent  a  change  of  name,  from  New  Amsterdam 


16 


NEW   YORK  A9  IT  WAS 


to  New  York,  in  honor  of  James,  duke  of  York,  to 
whom  it  was  made  over  by  Charles  the  Second.  From 
this  period  it  began  to  make  progress,  although  slowly, 
in  buildings,  population,  and  municipal  arrangements. 

The  city,  prior  to  British  rule  (that  is  in  1656),  was 
laid  out  in  streets,  some  of  them  crooked  enough,  and 
contained  u  one  hundred  and  twenty  houses  with  ex- 
tensive garden  lots,"  and  about  one  thousand  inhab- 
itants. In  1677,  another  estimate  reports  that  it  com- 
prised three  hundred  and  sixty-eight  houses,  while  its 
assessed  property  amounted  to  ninety-five  thousand 
pounds  sterling. 

During  the  military  rule  of  Governor  Colve,  who 
held  the  city  for  one  year  under  the  above-mentioned 
capture,  for  the  States  of  Holland,  every  thing  partook 
of  a  military  character,  and  the  laws  still  in  preserva- 
tion at  Albany  show  the  energy  of  a  rigorous  discipline. 
Then  the  Dutch  mayor,  at  the  head  of  the  city  militia, 
held  his  daily  parades  before  the  City  Hall  (Stadt  Huys), 
then  at  Goenties  Slip ;  and  every  evening  at  sunset,  he 
•received  from  the  principal  guard  of  the  fort,  called 
the  hoofd-wagt,  the  keys  of  the  city,  and  thereupon 
proceeded  with  a  guard  of  six,  to  lock  the  city  gates ; 
then  to  place  a  burger-wagt — a  citizen  guard,  as  night- 
watch,  at  assigned  places.  The  same  mayors  also  went 
the  rounds  at  sunrise  to  open  the  gates,  and  to  restore 
the  keys  to  the  officers  of  the  fort. 

In  1683,  the  first  constitutional  assembly,  consisting 
of  a  council  of  ten,  and  eighteen  representatives,  was 
elected,  to  aid  in  the  administration  of  public  affairs. 
In  this  year  the  ten  original  counties  were  organized. 
In  1685,  on  the  demise  of  Charles  II.,  the  Duke  of 
Yofk  ascended  the  throne,  with  the  title  of  James  II. 
This  bigoted  monarch  signalized  himself  by  forbidding 
the  establishment  of  a  printing-press  in  the  colony. 

Gov.  Dongan  was  far  better  than  his  sovereign,  and 
at  length  was  recalled  in  consequence  of  his  remon- 
strances against  other  arbitrary  measures  he  was  in- 
structed to  carry  out  with  regard  to  the  confederate 


HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT. 


17 


Indian  tribes  and  the  Jesuits.  Andros  was  appointed 
to  supersede  him,  but  his  also  was  but  a  short  reign, 
for  the  populace  grew  disaffected,  and  in  a  civil  com- 
motion, one  Jacob  Leisler,  a  Dutch  merchant,  was  pro- 
claimed leader,  and  ultimately  invested  with  the  reins 
of  government. 

He  also  summoned  a  convention  of  deputies,  from 
those  portions  of  the  province  over  which  his  influence 
extended.  This  convention  levied  taxes,  and  adopted 
other  measures,  for  the  temporary  government  of  the 
colony ;  and  thus  for  the  first  time  in  its  existence,  was 
the  colony  of  New  York  under  a  free  government. 
The  strong  prejudices,  however,  which  had  been 
awakened  by  Leisler's  measures,  soon  produced  in  the 
minds  of  his  adversaries  a  rancorous  bitterness,  which 
was,  perhaps,  never  surpassed  in  the  annals  of  any 
political  controversy. 

This  condition  of  things  existed  for  nearly  two  years. 
To  the  horrors  of  civil  commotion,  were  added  the  mis- 
eries of  hostile  invasion  by  the  French  in  Canada. 

The  earliest  dawn  of  intellectual  light — for  the  diffu- 
sion of  popular  intelligence  had  been  heretofore  wholly 
neglected — was  the  establishment  of  a  free  Grammar 
School  in  1702.  In  1725,  the  first  newspaper  made  its 
appearance;  and  four  years  later,  the  city  received  the 
donation  of  a  Public  Library  of  1642  volumes,  from 
England.  In  1732,  a  public  Classical  Academy  was 
founded  by  law ;  and  with  the  advance  of  general  in- 
telligence came  a  higher  appreciation  of  popular  rights. 
But  New  York  was  destined  to  be  convulsed  by  a 
series  of  commotions ;  and  among  them  the  memorable 
one  known  as  the  Negro  Plot,  which  resulted  in  a  great 
destruction  of  life. 

The  trade  of  New  York  increased.  Her  ships  were 
already  seen  in  many  foreign  ports;  neither  Boston 
nor  Philadelphia  surpassed  her  in  the  extent  of  her 
commercial  operations.  Provisions,  linseed-oil,  furs, 
lumber,  and  iron,  were  the  principal  exports.  From 
1749  to  1750,  two  hundred  and  eighty-six  vessels  left 


18 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  WAS. 


New  York,  with  cargoes  principally  of  flour  and  grain. 
In  1755,  nearly  thirteen  thousand  hogsheads  of  flax 
seed  were  shipped  abroad. 

The  relations  of  the  colonies  with  the  mother  coun- 
try were  assuming  a  serious  aspect.  In  1765,  a  con 
gress  of  delegates  met  at  New  York,  and  prepared  a 
declaration  of  their  rights  and  grievances.  The  arri- 
val of  the  stamped  paper,  so  notorious  in  the  colonial 
annals  of  America,  towards  the  end  of  this  year, 
marked  the  commencement  of  a  series  of  explosions 
that  were  not  to  terminate  until  the  city  and  colony  of 
New  York,  in  common  with  the  other  colonies,  were 
forever  rent  from  the  dominion  of  Great  Britain.  The 
non-importation  agreements  of  the  merchants  of  New 
York,  and  other  places,  in  1768,  were  followed  by 
stringent  measures  on  the  part  of  the  British  govern- 
ment.   War  was  the  result. 

On  the  28th  of  June,  1776,  the  British  army  and 
fleet,  which  had  been  driven  from  the  city  and  harbor 
of  Boston,  entered  the  southern  bay  of  New  York. 
The  troops  were  landed  upon  Staten  Island.  On  the 
22d  of  August,  the  British  forces  crossed  the  Narrows 
and  encamped  near  Brooklyn,  where  the  American 
army  was  stationed.  The  battle  of  Long  Island  en- 
sued, in  which,  owing  to  unfortunate  circumstances, 
the  Americans  were  entirely  defeated.  Washington, 
with  consummate  skill,  crossed  the  river  the  succeed- 
ing night,  without  observation ;  but  the  previous  dis- 
asters, and  the  subsequent  successful  landing  of  the 
British  troops  at  Kip's  Bay,  rendered  it  impossible  to 
save  the  city. 

For  eight  years  New  York  was  the  head-quarters 
of  the  British  troops,  and  the  prison-house  of  Ameri- 
can captives.  Public  buildings  were  despoiled,  and 
churches  converted  into  hospitals  and  prisons.  A  fire 
in  1776,  sweeping  along  both  sides  of  Broadway,  de- 
stroyed one  eighth  of  the  buildings  of  New  York. 

On  the  25th  of  November,  1783,  the  forces  of  Great 
Britain  evacuafed  the  city,  and  Washington  and  the 


HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT. 


19 


Governor  of  the  State  made  a  public  and  triumphal 
entry. 1 

'  This  important  national  event,  forming  the  brightest 
day  in  the  American  calendar,  is  annually  celebrated 
with  appropriate  military  pomp  and  parade. 

In  ten  years  after  the  war  of  independence,  New 
York  had  doubled  its  inhabitants.  Yet  the  city  had 
repeatedly  suffered  from  the  scourge  of  the  yellow 
fever,  from  calamitous  fires,  &c.  Notwithstanding  all, 
its  commercial  enterprise  has  been  rapidly  and  largely 
increasing,  while  its  shipping  has  gallantly  spread  over 
every  sea,  and  won  the  admiration  of  the  world.  The 
first  establishment  of  regular  lines  of  packets  to  Eu- 
rope originated  with  New  York,  and  it  is  also  claimed 
for  her  the  honor  of  the  first  experiments  in  steam-nav- 
igation. 

Improvements  hitherto  had  been  principally  con- 
nected with  foreign  commerce.  But  an  impulse  was 
now  to  be  given  to  inland  trade  by  the  adoption  of  an 
extensive  system  of  canal-navigation.  Several  smaller 
works  were  cast  into  the  shade  by  the  completion  of 
the  gigantic  Erie  Canal,  in  1825.  The  union  of  the 
Atlantic  with  the  Lakes,  was  announced  by  the  firing 
of  cannon  along  the  whole  line  of  the  canal  and  of  the 
Hudson,  and  was  celebrated  at  New  York  by  a  mag- 
nificent aquatic  procession,  which,  to  indicate  more 
clearly  the  navigable  communication  that  had  been 
opened,  deposited  in  the  ocean  a  portion  of  the  waters 
df  Lake  Erie. 

Municipal  history  is  a  narrative  of  alternate  suc- 
cesses and  reverses.  For  many  years  nothing  had 
occurred  to  mar  the  prosperity  of  the  city.  Again 
4  misfortune  came.  In  1832  the  Asiatic  cholera  appear- 
ed, and  4360  fell  victims  to  the  disease.  This  calamity 
had  scarcely  passed,  when  the  great  fire  of  1835  de- 
stroyed, in  one  night,  more  than  600  buildings,  and 
property  to  the  value  of  over  $20,000,000.  The  city 
bad  not  recovered  from  the  effects  of  this  disaster, 
when  the  commercial  repulsions  of  1836  and  183F 


20 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  WA8. 


shook  public  and  private  credit  to  their  centre,  and  in 
volved  many  of  the  most  wealthy  houses  of  New 
York  in  hopeless  bankruptcy. 

The  completion  of  the  Croton  Aqueduct,  in  1842,  re- 
moved the  inconvenience  of  a  deficiency  of  water,  and 
left  an  imperishable  monument  to  the  glory  of  New 
York. 

A  temporary  check  in  the  progress  of  the  city  was 
sustained  by  the  great  fire  of  1845,  which  destroyed 
property  to  the  extent  of  about  $7,000,000  ;  but  shortly 
afterwards  a  new  and  vigorous  impulse  was  again  given 
to  the  commercial  enterprise  of  the  metropolis,  by  the 
constant  influx  of  gold  from  the  seeming  exhaust-less 
resources  of  the  El  Dorado  of  the  Pacific 


GENERAL  VIEW. 

The  City  of  New  York,  from  its  geographical  posi- 
tion, having  become  tne  great  centre  of  commercial 
enterprise,  is  justly  regarde4  as  the  Metropolitan  City 
of  the  New  World.  In  mercantile  importance  it  bears 
the  same  relation  to  the  United  States  that  London  does 
to  Great  Britain.  Its  past  history  is  replete  with  in- 
terest, for  it  has  been  the  theatre  of  some  of  the  most 
important  events  that  pertain  to  our  country's  memo- 
rable career :  and  although  it  possesses  fewer  historic 
shrines  than  are  to  be  found  in  many  cities  of  the  Old 
World,  yet  its  chronicles  still  live  as  treasured  relics  in 
the  hearts  of  its  people,  and  on  the  page  of  its  national 
records.  If  we  take  a  retrospective  glance,  we  shall 
find  that  a  little  more  than  two  centuries  ago,  this 
island  of  Mannahata — its  earliest  recorded  name,  had  its 
birth-day  of  civilization  in  a  few  rude  huts,  and  a  fort 
situated  where  the  Bowling  Green  now  stands ;  and,  in 
this  comparatively  brief  interval  in  the  lifetime  of  a  na- 
tion, it  has  bounded  from  the  infant  Dorp  or  village  into 


GENERAL  VIEW. 


21 


a  noble  city  of  palaces  with  nearly  a  million  of  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  now  the  great  workshop  of  the  Western 
world — the  busy  hive  of  industry,  with  its  tens  of 
thousands  of  artisans,  mechanics,  and  merchants,  send- 
ing out  to  all  sections  of  its  wide-spread  domain,  the 
magic  results  of  machinery  for  all  departments  of  han- . 
dicraft,  and  argosies  of  magnificent  vessels  for  garner- 
ing in  the  wealth  of  foreign  climes. 

If  we  glance  prospectively,  how  shall  we  venture  to 
limit  its  progressive  march  in  opulence  and  greatness  ? 
In  less  than  half  a  century  hence,  it  will  doubtless 
double  its  present  numerical  importance.  As  illustra- 
tions of  the  enormous  increase  in  the  value  of  real 
.state,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  a  lot  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Chambers  street  and  Broadway,  was  pur- 
chased by  a  gentleman  who  died  in  1858,  for  $1000. 
Its  present  value  is  now  estimated  at  no  less  a  sum  than 
$250,000. 

The  site  on  which  tho  new  Herald  building  now 

stands  was  lately  purchased  by  James  Gordon  Bennett, 
Esq.,  for  four  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  in- 
cluding two  hundred  thousand  dollars  paid  to  Bar- 
num  for  an  unexpired  lease  of  thirteen  years,  held 
at  the  time  his  American  Museum  was  burned.  Also 
the  lot  immediately  adjoining  this,  with  a  frontage 
of  less  than  sixty  feet,  on  Broadway,  was  sold  at 
auction  a  short  time  since  for  three  hundred  and  ten 
thousand  dollars ! 

A  little  more  than  two  centuries  since,  the  entire 
site  of  this  noble  city  was  purchased  of  the  Indians  for 
what  was  equivalent  to  the  nominal  sum  of  twenty- 
four  dollars.  Now  the  total  amount  of  its  assessed 
property  tax  is  nearly  eight  hundred  millions.  If  such 
vast  accessions  of  wealth  have  characterized  the  history 
of  the  past,  who  shall  compute  the  constantly  augment- 
ing resources  of  its  onward  course?  Half  a  century 
ago,  the  uses  of  the  mighty  agents  of  steam  and  the 
electric  current  were  unknown:  now  the  whole  sur- 
face of  our  vast  country  is  threaded  over  with  a 


22 


NEW  YORK  A8  IT  WAS. 


net- work  of  railroads,  and  our  seas,  lakes,  and  rivers 
are  thickly  studded  with  steamers;  stately  vessels, 
freighted  with  the  fruits  of  commerce,  all  tending  to 
this  city  as  the  central  mart  of  trade.  Half  a  century 
ago  it  took  weeks  to  transmit  news  from  New  York  to 
New  Orleans — now  our  communications  are  conveyed 
over  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land  almost  with 
the  velocity  of  the  lightning's  flash.  Within  a  like  in- 
terval the  most  rapid  printing-press  was  slowly  worked 
by  hand-power — now  the  winged  messengers  of  intel- 
ligence are  multiplied  with  the  marvellous  rapidity  of 
60,000  copies  an  hour.  While  the  mechanic  arts  have 
thus  revolutionized  the  social  condition  of  the  past,  a 
corresponding  change  has  marked  its  history,  in  the 
establishment  of  numerous  schools  of  learning — dif- 
fusing their  beneficent  influence  on  the  minds  and 
morals  of  the  masses. 

Then,  again,  as  respects  its  costly  stores  and  private 
residences,  New  York  seems  to  vie  with  London  and 
Paris.  All  along  Broadway,  and  its  intersecting  streets, 
the  eye  is  greeted  everywhere  by  long  lines  of  marble 
and  stone  buildings,  many  of  them  of  great  architect- 
ural elegance.  The  several  broad  Avenues  and  Squares, 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  city,  are  studded  with  a  succes- 
sion of  splendid  mansions — in  some  instances  costing 
from  $50,000  to  $200,000  each.  There  are,  it  is  esti- 
mated, some  three  hundred  churches,  many  of  them  of 
costly  and  magnificent  proportions ;  while  its  superb 
hotels — the  boast  of  the  metropolis — are,  in  some  in- 
stances, capable  of  accommodating  about  one  thousand 
guests. 

How  mighty  and  far-reaching  must  its  influence  be- 
come in  its  future  progress,  it  were  difficult  to  compute : 
since  its  numerical  extent,  numbering  at  present,  if  we 
include  Brooklyn  and  the  adjacent  places  on  the  west, 
over  2,000,000  of  souls,  will  ere  long  place  it,  in  the 
scale  of  cities  of  the  world,  in  the  foremost  rank. 


NEW  YORK  AS  IT  IS. 


Society  in  New  York  has  many  phases — it  is  cos- 
mopolitan— an  amalgam,  composed  of  all  imaginable 
varieties  and  shades  of  character.  It  is  a  confluence  of 
many  streams,  whose  waters  are  ever  turbid  and  con- 
fused in  their  rushing  to  this  great  vortex.  What  in- 
congruous elements  are  here  commingled, — the  rude 
and  the  refined,  the  sordid  and  the  self-sacrificing,  the 
religious  and  the  profane,  the  learned  and  the  illiterate 
the  affluent  and  the  destitute,  the  thinker  and  the  doer, 
the  virtuous  and  the  ignoble,  the  young  and  the  aged — 
all  nations,  dialects,  and  sympathies — all  habits,  man 
ners,  and  customs  of  the  civilized  globe. 

City  life  everywhere  presents  protean  aspects;  let  us 
take  a  glance  at  some  of  its  more  striking  features, 
aotwithstanding  the  mixed  multitudes  that  are  inces- 
santly thronging  its  various  avenues.  There  are  yet 
certain  localities  that  exhibit  distinct  characteristics  : 
life  in  Wall-street  presents  an  epitomized  view  of  it* 
mercantile  phase.  Here  are  its  banks,  its  money-ex 
;hangers,  and  their  great  place  of  rendezvous,  the 
Exchange ;  beneath  the  dome  of  which  many  mighty 
projects  have  had  their  birth.  Here  have  been  con- 
cocted vast  schemes  of  commercial  enterprise,  and  here, 
too,  have  originated  many  noble  acts  of  public  bene- 
faction. 

Up  Nassau  street,  to  its  junction  with  Chatham 
street,  of  mock-auction  notoriety,  we  catch  a  glimpse 
of  another  phase  of  city  life.    To  denizens  of  New 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


York,  society  is  usually  known  under  the  generic  di- 
visions of  Broadway  and  Bowery.  Each  lias  its  dis- 
tinct idiosyncracies :  the  former  being  regarded  as 
patrician,  and  the  latter  as  plebeian.  Looking  at  New 
York  longitudinally,  we  may  say  that  Canal  street,  at 
present,  marks  the  boundary  of  the  great  workshop. 
In  the  precincts  of  Union  Square  and  Madison  Square, 
and  especially  the  Fifth  Avenue,  we  find  the  monu- 
ments of  the  wealth,  taste,  and  splendor  of  its  citizens. 

The  southern  part  of  the  city — its  original  site — ex- 
hibits all  kinds  of  irregularity — the  streets  are  narrow, 
sinuous  and  uneven  in  their  surface ;  but  the  northern 
or  upper  portion  is  laid  out  in  right  angles.  There  are 
some  twelve  fine  avenues,  at  parallel  distances  apart  of 
about  800  feet.  There  are  about  300  miles  of  paved 
streets  in  the  Metropolis,  extending  to  the  Harlem 
River;  exclusive  of  projected  streets  not  yet  paved, 
over  100  streets  more.  The  city  has  been  laid  out  and 
surveyed  to  the  extent  of  12  miles  from  the  Battery. 
The  portion  occupied  exceeds  in  circumference  more 
than  that  extent. 

Perhaps  the  densest  part  of  the  Metropolis, — its 
very  heart,  from  whence  issues  the  vitalizing  tide  of 
its  commerce, — is  the  junction  of  Broadway  and  Fulton 
street,  and  its  vicinity.  The  collision  of  interests 
which  all  the  stir  and  traffic  of  these  crowded  scenes 
involve,  brings  human  nature  into  strong  relief,  and 
intensifies  the  lights  and  shades  of  character. 

It  is  in  these  dusty  avenues  to  wealth — these  vesti- 
bules where  fraud  contends  with  honor  for  an  entrance 
into  the  temple,  that  we  read  the  heart  of  man  better 
than  in  books. 

The  great  characteristic  of  New  York  is  din  and  ex- 
citement,— every  thing  is  done  in  a  hurry — all  is  intense 
anxiety.  It  is  especially  noticeable  in  the  leading 
thoroughfare  of  Broadway ;  where  the  noise  and  con- 
fusion caused  by  the  incessant  passing  and  repassing  of 
some  18,000  vehicles  a  day,  render  it  a  Babel  scene  of 
confusion.  . 


A  BIED'S   EYE  VIEW. 


25 


New  York  has  been  ever  and  justly  renowned  for  its 
catholic  and  liberal  public  benefactions  and  charities. 
Among  her  many  glories,  this  is  most  conspicuous. 
"New  York  may  be  called  the  asylum  for  the  oppressed 
and  distressed  of  all  nations.  Abounding  in  beneficent 
institutions  suited  to  the  relief  of  the  various  "ills  that 
flesh  is  heir  to,"  and  enriched  with  the  most  liberal  en- 
dowments for  classical  and  popular  instruction,  she 
bears  the  palm  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  moral,  intel- 
lectual, and  physical  advancement  of  society.  It  ia 
true  we  are  a  mercantile  and  money-making  people, 
but  the  empire  city  is  an  illustration  of  some  of  its 
noblest  uses. 

By  way  of  introduction  to  the  city  in  detail,  we  rec- 
ommend the  visitor  first  to  get  a  bird's-eye  view  of 
it  from  the  steeple  of  Trinity  church.  A  view  from 
this  elevation,  over  320  feet  in  height,  affords  a  good 
idea  of  the  general  extent  and  topography  of  the  city. 
The  tower  is  accessible  to  the  public  at  any  time  of  the 
day,  excepting  the  hours  devoted  to  divine  service, 
morning  and  afternoon.  To  facilitate  the  ascent  of  the 
church  tower  there  are  landing-places ;  at  the  first  of 
these  you  have  a  fine  view  of  the  interior  of  this 
Cathedral-like  edifice.  At  the  next  resting-place  is  the 
belfry,  with  its  solemn  chimes :  here  too  is  a  balcony 
allowing  us  a  first  view  of  the  city.  Still  higher  up 
we  gain  a  magnificent  panoramic  view  of  all  we  have 
left  below  us, — which  amply  repays  our  toilsome  tour 
of  many  steps.  The  variegated  scene  stretches  out  in 
every  direction,  with  new  beauties, — north  and  south 
lies  Broadway  with  its  teeming  multitudes  and  its 
numberless  vehicles ;  west  and  east  are  crowded 
streets  of  house-tops  terminating  only  with  the  waters 
of  the  inclosing  rivers.  Looking  eastward,  we  see 
Wall  street  immediately  below  us,  with  the  Treasury 
Building  on  the  left,  and  a  little  further  on  the  right 
the  Custom-house,  the  Wall-street  ferry,  and  the  Easl 
River  which  separates  New  York  from  Brooklyn 
with  the  New  York  bay  stretching  to  the  southeast 


2G 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Sandy  Hook,  the  Highlands  of  Neversink,  and  the 
Coast  of  Staten  Island.  To  the  northeast,  the  eastern 
District  of  Brooklyn,  formerly  known  as  Williamsburg, 
the  Navy  Yard,  &c. ,  and  still  further  to  the  north,  the 
Rocky  channel  called  Hurl-gate, — so  perilous  to  our 
Dutch  forefathers  ;  near  by  Randall  and  Blackwell's 
Islands,  with  their  City  Asylums.  Transferring  our 
gaze  to  Broadway,  we  notice  the  National  Bank  of  the 
Republic,  and  on  the  next  street  the  National  Metro- 
politan Bank.  Passing  several  fine  marble  buildings, 
we  observe,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Dey  street,  the 
grand  and  massive  building  of  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company,  and  the  Herald  Office,  Broadway  and 
Ann  street ;  opposite  to  it  is  St.  Paul's  Church,  then 
the  Astor  House,  the  New  Post  Office,  and  the  City 
Hall  ;  the  gigantic  building  on  the  east  side  being  that 
of  the  Tribune  Office.  Beyond  the  City  Hall  is  the 
wholesale  marble  palace  of  Stewart,  and  in  its  vicinity 
many  elegant  structures,  chiefly  occupied  by  wholesale 
dry  goods  dealers  ;  on  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Leon- 
ard street  is  the  notable  edifice  of  the  New  York  Life 
Insurance  Company,  and  in  the  distance  beyond,  the  St. 
Nicholas,  Metropolitan,  and  Grand  Central  Hotels,  Grace 
Church,  Union  Park,  &c. 

Turning  to  the  opposite  point  of  view,  the  Hudson 
River,  with  Jersey  City,  and  Hoboken,  with  its  beauti- 
ful walks,  its  distant  hills  and  valleys  ;  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  the  steamers,  ships,  and  docks.  This  superb 
river  has  been  often  compared  with  the  Rhine  for  its 
picturesque  beauty ;  we  can  here  get  but  a  faint  idea  of 
it,  for  its  bold  scenery  is  seen  only  after  journeying 
some  40  miles  to  the  north ;  we  catch  merely  a  glimpse 
of  the  Palisades,  beginning  at  Weehawken  and  extend- 
ing about  20  miles.  Veering  to  the  south,  we  see  the 
fortified  islets  of  the  lower  bay,  with  Staten  Island, 
Richmond,  &c,  with  their  numerous  picturesque  cot- 
tages, villas,  and  castellated  mansions,  and  to  the  south- 
west, the  Raritan  Bay,  the  Passaic  River,  leading  to 
Newark  in  the  distance,  etc. 


PAP.KS  AND  PUBTW  SQUARES. 


27 


PAEKS  AND  PUBLIC  SQUAEES. 

BATTERY. 

Commencing  our  descriptions  of  the  notabilia  of 
New- York  with  its  pleasure-grounds  and  parks,  we 
ought  first  to  mention  the  Battery,  situated  at  the 
southernmost  terminus,  of  the  metropolis.  These 
grounds  cover  an  area  of  about  twelve  acres,  of  the 
crescent  form,  having  a  profusion  of  stately  "trees, 
which  afford  a  delightful  place  of  retreat  in  the  sum- 
mer-time, for  pleasure-seekers,  who  prefer  to  inhale 
the  fresh  sea-breeze  under  their  shade  to  the  crowded 
throngs  of  fashion  in  the  city.  The  walks  stretching 
along  the  margin  of  these  grounds  were  formerly  much 
frequented,  but  of  late  years,  in  consequence  of  the* 
rapid  growth  of  the  city,  all  private  residences  havirig 
been  transferred  to  the  upper  or  northern  part  of  the 
city,  are  consequently  now  not  so  much  an  object  of 
attraction.  Connected  with  the  Battery  is  Castle 
Garden.  Originally  a  fortification,  it  was  subsequently 
let  on  lease  as  a  place  of  public  amusement.  It  was  prob- 
ably the  largest  audience-room  in  the  world.  It  was 
the  scene  of  Jenny  Lind's  first  appearance  in  America. 
This  building  has  now  little  architectural  beauty  to 
boast ;  having  been  for  some  time  used  as  a  depot  for 
emigrants.  The  grounds  of  the  Battery  have  been  need- 
lessly extended  within  the  last  few  years  at  an  enormous 
expense  to  the  city. 

BOWLING  GREEN- 

Close  to  the  Battery,  at  the  entrance  to  Broadway, 
is  the  small  inclosure  so  called,  from  having  been 
used  as  such  prior  to  the  Bevolution.  At  that  time 
it  contained  a  leaden  equestrian  statue  of  George  III., 
which  the  populace  in  their  patriotic  zeal  demolished, 


38 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


and  converted  into  musket  balls.  On  this  site  there  is 
now  a  fountain,  which  is  during  summer  to  be  seen 
bubbling  up  with  the  clear  waters  of  the  Croton. 


CITY  HALL  PARK, 

An  enclosure  of  about  seven  acres,  contains  the  City 
Hall,  New  Court  House,  and  other  public  buildings. 
This  Park  formerly  extended  on  the  south  to  the  junc- 
tion of  Broadway  and  Park  Row,  but  the  southern 
portion  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  Government, 
on  the  site  of  which  a  splendid  Post-Office  has  been 
erected ;  the  building  presents  a  grand  and  imposing 
appearance,  and  its  interior  is  handsomely  decorated. 

WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 

Another  great  and  most  effective  ornament  to  the  city 
was  formed  by  laying  out  the  ground  formerly  occupied 
as  a  Potter's  Field.  The  bones  were  collected  in  a  vast 
trench,  one  on  each  side  of  the  Square,  which  were  in- 
closed with  fences,  and  planted  with  trees.  For  many 
years  this  was  used  for  burial  purposes,  and  it  is  com- 
puted that  over  a  hundred  thousand  bodies  have  been 
buried  where  now  assemble  for  pleasure  multitudes  of 
living  beings.  The  Square  is  surrounded  with  splendid 
private  houses,  and  on  one  side  is  the  University  build- 
ing and  a  splendid  church.  One-third  of  the  ground 
comprising  the  Square  was  purchased  for  $80,000,  mak- 
ing a  gross  value  of  $240,000,  devoted  to  the  improve- 
ment of  this  quarter  of  the  city.  The  Square  contains 
a  little  over  nine  acres,  and  is  ornamented  with  a 
fountain. 

UNION  PARK 

Is  in  Union  Square,  at  the  upper  or  northern  end 
of  Broadway — extending  from  14th  to  17th  streets. 
This  pleasure-ground  has  been  extensively  altered  and 
improved,  contains  a  variety  of  fine  trees,  gravel- 


PARKS  AND  PUBLIC  SQUARES. 


29 


walks,  and  also  a  fountain.  At  the  southeast  corner  is  the 
bronze  equestrian  statue  of  Washington,  and  at  the  south- 
west  is  Brown's  bronze  statue  of  Lincoln,  lately  erected 
by  the  Union  League  Club.  On  the  west  side  is  the 
Spingler  House,  and  just  above,  on  the  site  of  Dr.  Chee- 
ver's  church,  is  Tiffany's  magnificent  iron  building.  On 
the  north  side  are  the  Everett  House,  Clarendon,  and 
Westmoreland  Hotels. 


GRAMERCY  PARK, 

Situated  a  little  to  the  northeast  of  the  above,  is  a 
select  and  beautiful  inclosure  on  a  smaller  scale.  This 
park  is  private  property,  having  been  ceded  to  the 
owners  of  the  surrounding  lots  by  S.  B.  Ruggles,  Esq. 
It  forms  the  area  between  20th  and  21st  streets,  and 
the  3d  and  4th  Avenues. 

STUYVESAKT  PARK 

Extends  from  15th  to  17th  streets,  and  is  divided  by 
the  intersecting  passage  of  the  Second  Avenue.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Tyng's  Church  is  upon  the  west  side  of  this 
park.  The  ground  was  presented  by  the  late  P.  G. 
Stuyvesant,  Esq.,  to  the  corporation  of  the  church. 

TOMPKINS  SQUARE 

Is  one  of  the  largest  parks  of  the  city.  It  occupies  the 
area  formed  by  Avenues  A  and  B,  and  7th  and  10th 
streets. 

MADISON  SQUARE, 

Comprising  10  acres,  is  at  the  junction  of  Broadway 
and  Fifth  Avenue.  On  the  left  side  stands  the  monu- 
ment of  General  Worth.  The  houses  in  this  neigh- 
borhood include  some  of  the  most  elegant  in  the  city  ; 
surrounding  the  Park  are  the  Fifth  Avenue,  Hoffman 
and  St.  James'  Hotels ;  also  the  splendid  edifice  of  the 
Union  League  Club. 


30 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


CENTRAL  PARK. 

This  great  pleasure-ground  of  the  city  may  be  reached 

by  most  of  the  city  railroads,  and  as  each  entrance  has 
its  own  peculiar  attractions,  strangers  will  naturally 
take  the  cars  that  are  most  convenient  for  them.  At 
the  gates  on  59th  Street,  at  6th,  7th,  and  8th  Avenues, 
and  at  72d  Street,  on  the  5th  Avenue,  carriages  are 
generally  standing  for  hire  :  not  being  under  the  control 
of  the  Park  Commissioners,  they  are  not  responsible 
for  their  regulation  and  management. 

If  you  close  'with  the  offer  of  one  of  the  owners  of 
these  carriages  to  "  take  you  all  around  the  Park,"  you 
must  not  conclude  that  you  have  seen  the  attractions. 
Should  the  driver  take  you  over  all  the  drives,  you  have 
not  seen  the  full  attractions  of  the  Park ;  they  can  be 
seen  only  by  taking  the  foot-paths,  and  the  visitor  should, 
if  possible,  take  more  than  one  day  for  it.  The  extent 
of  the  walks  and  the  number  of  things  to  be  seen  are 
sufficient  to  afford  a  new  and  interesting  walk  through 
the  Park  each  day  for  a  fortnight. 

The  Time  to  go  to  the  Parle 

depends  upon  the  season  of  the  year  and  upon  the  ob- 
jects and  tastes  of  the  visitor. 

The  gates  are  open  at  the  following  hours :  during  the 
months  of  December,  January,  and  February,  from  7 
a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.  ;  during  March,  April,  May,  June,  Octo- 
ber, and  November,  from  6  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  ;  during  July, 
August,  and  September,  from  5  a.  m.  to  11  p.  m. 

Those  who  go  to  see  the  foliage  and  the  flowers,  or 
on  a  botanical  expedition,  will  be  best  satisfied  from  the 
1st  of  April  to  the  middle  of  November,  at  any  time  in 
the  day.  In  the  hottest  days  ot  the  months  of  July, 
August,  and  September,  until  the  trees  are  more  fully 
grown,  the  visitor  will  perhaps  prefer  to  be  at  the  Park 


OENTEAL  PARK. 


31 


before  10  a.  m.,  or  after  3  p.  m.,  but  at  any  hour  agree- 
able seats  and  shade  may  be  found.  Those  who  desire 
to  see  the  equipages,  fine  turn-outs,  and  the  gayeties  of 
the  eity  will  go  to  the  Park  from  April  to  November, 
from  3  p.  m.  to  7  p.  m.  In  the  warm  months  the  fashion 
is  at  the  Park  from  5  to  7.30  p.  m.  In  the  season,  June 
to  October,  the  well-selected  and  thoroughly  accom- 
plished band  of  the  Park  plays  at  the  music  pavilion 
on  the  mall,  on  Saturday  afternoons,  free  to  all.  The 
pieces  performed  include  popular  national  airs,  and  the 
best  new  music  that  appears  in  Europe  or  America. 
Every  pains  is  taken  to  maintain  a  high  standard  of 
these  musical  entertainments. 

In  the  skating  season,  December  to  inarch,  the  great- 
est numbers  are  at  the  Park  after  3  p.  m.,  but  many 
persons  are  on  the  ice  in  the  morning  and  through  the 
day.  When  the  ice  is  in  good  condition  a  ball  is  hoisted 
on  the  arsenal  building,  and  generally  the  city  cars  in- 
dicate'by  small  flags  when  the  skating  is  good. 

The  Park  is  a  parallelogram,  bounded  on  the  South 
by  59th  Street,  on  the  North  by  110th  Street,  on  the 
East  by  the  oth  Avenue,  and  the  West  by  the  8th  Av- 
enue, containing,  including  the  reservoirs,  843  acres. 
It  is  about  2Va  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile  in  width  ;  it  is 
intersected  by  four  transverse  roads,  which  are  laid 
at  a  lower  level  to-  accommodate  the  business  traffic  of 
the  city  ;  without  interfering  with  the  pleasure  travel. 
The  Park  was  originally-  a  bare,  unwholesome  suburb 
of  the  city,  acres  of  it  were  naked  of  soil,  and  stagnant, 
marshy  spots  gathered  the  filth  of  bone-boiling  estab- 
lishments and  pig-styes.  The  change  to  its  present 
beauty  has  been  accomplished  in  an  almost  inconceiva- 
ble short  period  of  time.  Work  was  commenced  on  the 
place  in  1858,  and  in  one  year  thereafter  a  part  was 
thrown  open  to  public  use,  to  which  other  completed 
portions  have  since  been  added,  from  time  to  time,  as 
completed. 

The  Central  Park  is  larger  than  any  park  on  this  con- 


32 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


tinent,  larger  than  any  of  the  London  parks,  and 
with  three  exceptions  larger  than  any  city  park  in  the 
world.  These  exceptions  are  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  at 
Paris,  the  Prater  at  Vienna,  and  the  Phenix  Park  at 
Dublin. 

There  are  in  it  about  9  miles  of  carriage  drive,  4  of 
bridle  road,  and-  about  25  miles  of  walk.  Intersections 
of  lines  of  travel  are  made  by  archways,  to  avoid  dan- 
ger. Every  effort  has  been  made  to  preserve  the  natu- 
ral features  of  the  Park. 

More  than  260,000  trees  and  shrubs  of  all  kinds  have 
already  been  planted,  and  the  work  is  still  going  on. 
The  grounds  are  laid  out  on  a  plan :  the  system  of  walks 
wrill  conduct  the  visitor  from  one  end  of  the  Park  to  the 
other,  and  bring  him  in  view  of  most  of  the  objects  de- 
sirable to  be  seen. 

It  possesses  already  the  several  essentials  of  a  pic- 
turesque park — pond,  stream,  hill,  rock,  plain,  and 
slope.  The  ridge  which  rises  near  the  Battery,  and 
forms  the  back-bone  of  the  Island  of  Manhattan,  trav- 
erses the  Park  from  end  to  end ;  forming,  in  its  course, 
at  least  two  admirable  points  of  view,  from  which  deli- 
cious views  of  the  adjacent  scenery  may  be  obtained. 
Through  the  valleys  beneath  course  little  brooks, 
which,  with  the  help  of  thorough  drainage,  have  been 
swelled  into  considerable  streams,  while  a  swamp  has 
been  converted  by  skilful  engineering  into  a  lake  of  one 
hundred  acres,  serving  as  one  of  the  receiving  reser- 
voirs of  the  city.  There  are  hills,  too,  with  rough, 
rocky  sides,  which  will  pass,  with  a  little  trimming,  for 
mountain  scenery ;  and  there  are  passes,  which,  with 
appropriate  foliage,  may  almost  figure  as  Alpine  valleys. 
From  botanical  surveys  already  made,  it  appears  that 
the  ground  is  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  an  unusual 
variety  of  plants  and  flowers.  In  fact,  so  many  and  so 
various  are  the  charms  of  this  beautiful  resort,  that,  al- 
though it  is  visited  annually  by  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  persons,  it  may  still  be  said  that  it  is  not  yet  fully 


CENTRAL  PARK. 


33 


and  justly  appreciated  by  those  who  live  within  reach 
of  its  enjoyments ;  and  one  object  which  we  have  in 
view  in  giving  a  fuller  synopsis  of  its  attractions,  is  to 
induce  the  tired  resident  of  the  city  to  avail  himselr 
more  frequently  of  this  retreat.  As  a  place  of  educa- 
tion, a  pleasant  school  for  the  instruction  of  the  taste, 
the  value  of  the  Park  can  scarcely  be  exaggerated. 

The  Terrace  is  the  principal  architectural  structure. 
This  terminates  the  Mall  on  the  north ;  below  it  is  the 
explanade  surrounding  the  main  fountain.  The  visitor 
will  be  well  repaid  by  the  examination  of  the  design 
and  execution  of  the  detail  of  the  stone  work  of  the 
terrace :  to  the  Mall  all  of  the  walks  of  the  lower  park 
lead  ;  the  walks  at  all  the  entrance  gates  on  59th  street 
will  lead  to  it  under  the  marble  arch.  But  we  must  an- 
swer the  question : 

How  are  we  to  get  there  ? 

The  cars  of  the  Second,  Third,  Sixth,  and  Eighth 
Avenue  railroads,  stopping  either  at  65th  street,  which 
leads  to  that  portion  of  the  Park  known  as  the  "  Green," 
or  at  79th  street,  leading  to  the  "Ramble,"  afford  con- 
venient access ;  to  which  means  of  conveyance  may  be 
added  the  various  stage  lines  which  carry  passengers  to 
within  a  few  blocks  of  the  Park.  The  cars  should  al- 
ways be  avoided  by  those  who  are  unwilling  to  pay  for 
the  privilege  of  standing  up. 

Whither  to  go  after  reaching  the  Parle. 

The  principal  walks  of  the  lower  park  lead  more  or 
less  directly  to  the  Mall  Terrace,  and  through  this  to 
the  Terrace,  which  is  the  central  architectural  feature  of 
the  plan.  The  attractions  of  this  spot  are  perhaps  as 
great  as  any  within  the  limits  of  the  Park,  and  from  it 
we  may  take  a  view  of  the  scene  before  us,  and  may 
note  especially 


34 


OITT  OF  NEW  YORK. 


The  Archways  and  Bridges, 

which  are  objects  of  admiration  to  the  visitor,  and  are 
about  thirty  in  number,  of  great  beauty  and  variety 
of  form  and  material,  no  two  of  the  entire  number 
being  alike.  Passing  from  the  Terrace  to  the  Fountain 
and  Bow  Bridge,  we  find  ourselves  among  the  attrac- 
tions of  the 

Ramble, 

of  which  a  good  view  can  be  had  from  the  hill  which 
rises  about  forty  yards  distant  from  the  Bow  Bridge, 
and  commands  a  fair  prospect  of  the  lower  park.  But 
the  beauties  of  this  place  must  be  explored  by  the 
tasteful  visitor,  who  will  admire,  in  turn,  the  paths 
leading  along  the  shore,  the  boM  projections  of  rock, 
the  well-arranged  contrivances  for  rural  effect,  and, 
above  all,  the  intermingled  beauties  of  wood  and  water, 
verdure  and  rock.  A  charming  view  of  the  entire  area 
of  the  Park  may  be  had  from  the 

•  Hill 

that  rises  on  the  south  side  of  the  old  reservoir,  and 
attains  an  eminence  surpassing  that  of  any  other  point. 
From  this  we  have  the  whole  lower  park  lying  in  full 
view  for  a  mile  below  us:  the  Lake  and  the  Ramble 
are  almost  at  our  feet ;  the  Croton  Reservoirs  are  close 
to  us  on  the  north ;  and  a  mile  and  a  quarter  away  is 
seen  a  pile  of  brick  and  painted  wood,  now  used  as 
a  hospital  for  U.  S.  soldiers — being  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  this  side  of  its  northern  boundary.  Still 
further  beyond,  we  see  the  High  Bridge — Westchester 
County — and  the  East  River. 

Under  the  rock  on  which  we  are  standing  passes  one 
of  the 

Sub -ways, 

or  transverse-road*,  as  they  are  less  descriptively  called 
in  the  nomenclature  of  the  Park.    These  are  of  infinite 


CENTRAL  PARK. 


35 


importance  to  the  beauty  and  convenience  of  the 
arrangements,  as  they  allow  the  travel  incident  to 
business  to  pass  unhindered  on  its  way,  crossing  the 
park  at  four  places,  viz.,  at  65th,  79th,  85th,  97th 
streets ;  while  no  impediment  is  suffered  by  the  plea- 
sure-seekers, who  are  left  in  the  uninterrupted  enjoy- 
ment of  their  rides,  drives,  or  walks.  Much  credit  has 
been  given,  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  to  the 
architects  of  the  Park  for  the  clever  suggestion  of  these 
useful  roads. 

The  Upper  Parh 

is  the  most  bold  and  romantic,  and  at  the  same  time 
the  richest  in  its  historical  associations.  It  is  said  that 
"  the  deep  valley  called  McGowan's  Pass,  dividing  this 
northern  portion,  is  the  valley  which  by  means  of  its 
darkly  wooded  hillsides  sheltered  the  secret  messengers 
passing  between  the  scattered  parties  of  the  American 
troops  who,  during  the  few  days  intervening  between 
their  disheartening  rout  on  Long  Island  and  the  battle  of 
Harlem  Plains,  rallied  about  the  range  of  hills  extending 
from  Fort  Washington  to  Bloomingdale."  A  portion  of 
the  "  Old  Boston  Road,"  venerable  as  being  the  oldest  * 
road  out  of  New  York,  on  the  east  side  of  the  island,  is 
still  visible  in  the  northeastern  section  of  the  Park.  It 
should,  if  possible,  be  suffered  to  remain  as  an  interest- 
ing and  precious  relic  of  the  past.  It  was  by  this  road 
that  the  Huguenot  refugees,  living  in  New  Rochelle, 
came  into  the  city  to  attend  the  services  at  the  French 
Church  on  Sunday. 

THE  ZOOLOGICAL  GARDENS. 

An  excellent  feature  of  the  Park  is  its  Zoological 
Garden,  which  is  at  the  old  Arsenal,  in  the  south-eastern 
end  of  the  Park.  Here  will  be  found  a  rare  and  inter- 
esting collection  of  animals,  birds,  etc.,  many  of  which 
are  gifts  from  our  citizens,  though  not  a  few  were  pre- 
sented by  citizens  of  other  countries. 


36 


CITY  OP  NEW  YORK. 


Miscellaneous  Items. — The  soil  is  composed  for  the 
most  part  of  diluvial  deposits,  in  which  are  many 
boulders  (mainly  trap  rock),  and  the  debris  of  the 
gneiss  rock. 

The  lowest  point,  about  109th  street  and  Fifth 
Avenue,  is  less  than  2  feet  above  the  tide ;  the  highest, 
at  83d  street,  near  Eighth  Avenue,  is  138  feet  above  the 
tide. 

Urinai3  are  located  at  convenient  pomts  about  the 
grounds. 

Cottages  for  ladies  are  also  located  about  the 
grounds,  each  in  charge  of  a  female  attendant,  whose  duty 
it  is  to  wait  upon  visitors,  to  aid  them  in  case  of  illness, 
and  to  keep  every  thing  in  order  in  the  place  of  which 
she  has  charge. 

To  avoid  accidents,  persons  on  foot  should  keep  on 
the  walks,  and  not  walk  in  the  ride  or  drive. 

Visitors  are  requested 
Not  to  walk  on  the  grass,  except  in  those  places  where 

the  word  common  is  posted, 
Not  to  pick  any  Flower,  Leaf,  Twig,  or  Fruit, 
Not  to  deface  or  mark  the  seats  or  other  structures, 
•  Not  to  throw  stones  or  other  missiles, 
Not  to  annoy  the  Birds, 
Not  to  offer  any  thing  for  sale. 

At  each  gate  stands  a  gate-keeper,  and  on  the  grounds 
will  be  found  Park  Keepers,  in  uniform,  who  are  re- 
quired to  give  information  about  the  Park  to  visitors, 
and  to  deport  themselves  with  politeness  to  all. 

No  person  employed  at  the  Park  is  allowed  to  receive 
any  pay  or  reward  for  his  services.  They  are  amply 
paid  for  the  performance  of  their  duties.  For  lost  arti- 
cles apply  to  the  Property  Clerk,  in  the  old  arsenal 
building. 

The  Park  is  under  the  management  of  a  Board  of 
Commissioners,  appointed  by  the  Mayor. 

The  office  of  the  Board  is  at  36  Union  Square. 


PARKS  AND  PUBLIC  SQUARES. 


P>7 


RESERVOIR  PARK. 

Reservoir  Square  is  located  between  the  Fifth  and 
Sixth  avenues,  and  40th  and  42d  streets,  and  has  an 
extent  of  between  nine  and  ten  acres,  upon  one-half  of 
which  is  the  " Distributing  Reservoir."  The  other,  or 
western  half,  once  had  upon  it  the  "New  York  Crystal 
Palace,"  but  since  the  destruction  of  that  building  by 
the  tire  of  1858,  the  grounds  have  been  kept  open  as  a 
park.  This  square  has  been  selected  as  the  site  of  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 


MT.  MORRIS  SQUARE. 

Mt.  Morris  Square  presents  the  anomalous  appearance 
of  an  abrupt  hill,  with  thickly  wooded  sides,  rising  from 
the  midst  of  -a  plain  that  Las  no  other  hills  upon  it.  It 
"  head's  off''  the  Fifth  Avenue  at  120th  street,  and  ex- 
tends as  far  north  as  124th  street,  and  its  area  is  nearly 
twenty  acres.  It  is  the  breathing  spot  of  the  pretty 
village  of  Harlem,  and  the  favorite  resort  of  the  citizens. 


OTHER  SQUARES. 

The  other  squares,  such  as  Hamilton,  Manhattan, 
Bloomingdale,  etc.,  contain  from  fifteen  to  twenty -two 
acres  each,  but  are  not  at  present  prepared  for  park 
purposes,  being  in  an  unimproved  condition. 


38 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


THE  NEW  COUBT  HOUSE. 

This  immense  building,  situated  in  the  rear  of  the 
City  Hall,  fronting  on  Chambers  street,  is  justly  con- 
sidered one  of  the  most  substantial  edifices  in  the 
United  States.  Its  equal  is  certainly  not  to  be  found 
in  the  city,  and  the  immensity  of  the  structure  can 
only  be  seen  and  felt  by  a  comparison  with  buildings 
of  great  capacity,  towering  as  it  does  above  the  five- 
story  buildings  in  the  vicinity,  completely  overlooking 
the  present  City  Hall,  and  commanding  as  fine  a  view 
of  the  surroundings  of  New  York  as  can  possibly  be 
had.  It  was  commenced  in  September,  1861,  under 
the  direction  and  superintendence  of  Mr.  Cummings  H. 
Tucker,  who  was  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Supervis- 
ors for  this  purpose.  The  architect  was  Mr.  John  Kel- 
lum,  the  same  who  also  had  charge  of  A.  T.  Stewart's 
immense  building,  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Thirty- 
fourth  street,  and  who  also  built  the  Stock  Exchange, 
and  several  other  large  buildings  in  this  city.  The 
entire  length  of  the  building  is  250  feet,  and  the 
breadth  150  ;  rectangular  in  form,  and  three  stories  in 
height  above  ground.  The  plans  and  designs  called  for 
materials  (particularly  with  reference  to  iron  and  mar- 
ble) of  great  magnitude,  and  the  expense  attendant 
upon  their  selection,  preparation,  and  adaptation,  to- 
gether with  all  the  embellishments,  was  necessarily 
very  heavy.  The  original  cost  was  estimated  at  about 
$800,000,  but  the  increased  expense  of  material  and 
labor,  together  with  the  notorious  Court  House  frauds, 
so-called,  has  made  the  entire  expenses  over  $7,500,000. 
The  cost  of  the  City  Hall,  which  was  nine  years  in  build- 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


39 


ing,  was  about  $700,000.  The  height  of  the  new  Court 
House,  from  the  base  course  to  top  of  pediment,  is  97  feet. 
The  dome  reaches  128  feet  high  above  the  pediment, 
making  a  total  height  of  the  building,  from  the  base 
course  to  the  top  of  dome,  225  feet.  From  the  side- 
walk to  the  pediment  the  building  is  82  feet  high,  and 
from  sidewalk  to  top  of  the  dome  210  feet. 

The  new  Court  House  is  an  entirely  fire-proof  build- 
ing— the  ceilings  from  base  to  attic  all  being  formed  of 
brick  arches.  And  when  we  'consider  that  in  this  will 
be  deposited  all  the  records,  wills,  leases,  and  docu- 
ments of  the  offices  of  the  Register,  County  Clerk,  and 
Surrogate,  the  citizens  of  New  York,  who  are  all  more 
or  less  interested  in  the  preservation  of  these,  will  feel 
a  security  as  to  their  property  and  interests  not  hitherto 
felt. 

It  affords  accommodations  for  County  Clerk,  Regis- 
ter, Surrogate,  Sheriff,  and  Tax  Departments,  and  Tax 
Offices— departments  in  which  it  is  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance that  business  should  be  transacted  daily  and 
with  dispatch. 

The  Court-rooms  are  large,  airy,  unobstructed  by 
columns,  made  with  reference  to  the  principles  of 
acoustics,  and  finisned  in  an  agreeable  and  pleasing 
manner,  so  that  they  form  an  attractive  feature  to  the 
spectator,  and  all  to  whom  may  be  intrusted  the  admin- 
istration'of  justice  ;  differing  in  this  respect  from  most 
of  the  large  rooms  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  the 
City  Hall,  and  other  public  buildings,  in  which,  as  a 
general  thing,  the  shadows  and  sombre  hues  are  so 
strong  as  to  intercept  that  light  and  heat  so  necessary 
to  lend  a  cheerful  aspect  to  any  auditory. 


SEVENTH  EEGIMENT  ARMORY. 

This  large  iron  edifice  is  located  almost  directly  op- 
posite the  Cooper  Union,  on  the  Third  avenue,  and  oc- 


40 


CITY  OF  KEW  YORE. 


cupies  the  entire  block  between  Sixth  and  Seventh 
streets.  It  is  constructed  entirely  of  iron,  is  200  feet 
long  by  100  wide,  and  cost  over  $250,000.  The  first 
floor  is  used  as  a  market,  and  known  as  "Tompkins 
Market.'1  The  second  floor  is  divided  into  company 
armories  and  meeting-rooms,  which  are  fitted  up  and 
furnished  at  the  expense  of  the  several  companies  of  the 
regiment.  The  entire  expense  on  the  interior  of  the 
building  nearly  or  quite  equals  the  original  cost  of  the 
structure.  The  third  floor  is  used  for  a  drill-room  by 
the  whole  regiment.  The  basement,  or  floor  beneath 
the  market,  has  been  prepared  for  target  practice  and 
squad-drills. 

By  resolution  of  Common  Council,  approved  April  6, 
1855,  the  use  of  the  armory  was  given  the  Seventh 
Regiment,  New  York  National  Guard,  during  the 
pleasure  of  the  Common  Council,  but  was  not  built,  and 
used  by  the  regiment,  till  the  year  1859. 


EIGHTH  REGIMENT  ARMORY, 

Comprises  the  upper  part  of  Centre  Market,  situated  at 
the  corner  of  Grand  and  Centre  streets. 


TWENTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  ARMORY, 

located  in  Fourteenth-street,  near  Sixth  avenue,  waa 
irected  in  1863,  at  a  cost  of  $150,000. 


SEVENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  ARMORY. 

At  the  junction  of  Broadway  and  Sixth  avenue,  is  a 
stately-looking  building,  occupying  an  entire  square 
block,  and  was  erected  in  1861,  at  a  cost  of  $200,000. 


City   II  a  l  l  . 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


41 


THE  CITY  HALL. 

This  is  an  imposing  edifice,  and,  for  the  most  part, 
built  of  marble.  It  was  constructed  between  the  years 
1803-10.  At  the  celebration  of  the  Atlantic  Telegraph, 
the  clock-tower  and  other  upper  portions  of  the  build- 
ing were  destroyed  by  fire,  but  have  since  been  rebuilt. 

Previous  to  the  completion  of  the  new  cupola,  our 
City  Fathers  contracted  with  Messrs.  Sperry  &  Co.,  the 
celebrated  tower-clock  makers  of  Broadway,  to  build  a 
clock  for  it,  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  $4,000,  that  our 
citizens  might  place  the  utmost  reliance  upon,  as  a  time- 
keeper of  unvarying  correctness.  During  the  month  of 
April  the  clock  was  completed,  and  the  busy  thousands 
who  were  daily  wont  to  look  up  to  the  silent  monitor, 
above  which  the  figure  of  justice  was  enthroned,  hailed 
its  appearance  with  the  utmost  satisfaction.  It  is  un- 
doubtedly the  finest  specimen  of  a  tower  clock  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic,  and  as  an  accurate  time-keeper 
competent  judges  pronounce  it  to  be  unsurpassed  in  the 
world.  The  main  wheels  are  thirty  inches  in  diameter, 
the  escapement  is  jeweled,  and  the  pendulum,  which  is 
in  itself  a  curiosity,  is  over  fourteen  feet  in  length. 
It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  pendulum  bob  weighs 
over  300  pounds;  but  so  finely  finished  is  every 
wheel,  pinion  and  pivot  in  the  clock,  and  so  little  power 
is  required  to  drive  them,  that  a  weight  of  only  100 
pounds  is  all  that  is  necessary  to  keep  this  ponderous 
mass  of  metal  vibrating,  and  turn  four  pairs  of  hands  on 
the  dials  of  the  cupola!  The  clock  does  not  stand,  as 
many  suppose,  directly  behind  the  dials,  but  in  the  story 
below,  and  a  perpendicular  iron  rod  twenty-five  feet  in 
length  connects  it  with  the  dial-works  above. 

In  the  building  are  the  several  offices  of  the  Mayor, 
Common  Council  and  Aldermen,  the  Governor's  room, 
City  Library,  and  other  business  offices. 


42 


any  of  new  york. 


THE  CUSTOM-HOUSE, 

Occupying  the  building  which  was  formerly  the  Mer 
chants'  Exchange,  is  located  between  Wall  street,  Ex- 
change Place,  William  and  Hanover  streets.  The  material 
employed  in  its  construction  is  blue  Quincy  granite,  and  * 
it  is  characterized  by  fine  proportions,  and  massive,  sub 
s'tantial  appearance.  Its  dimensions  are  on  such  a  scale 
as  to  produce  a  fine  architectural  effect,  being  in  length, 
200  feet;  in  width,  from  144  to  171;  while  it  has  an 
elevation  of  77  feet  at  the  cornice,  and  124  feet  at  the 
top  of  the  dome.  The  portico  of  eighteen  Ionic  columns, 
which  graces  its  front,  imparts  to  it  an  imposing  effect. 
The  interior  of  the  building  fully  sustains  the  impression ; 
for  besides  the  numerous  apartments  set  apart  to  various 
uses,  it  contains  a  rotunda  in  the  centre,  surmounted 
by  a  lofty  dome,  which  is  supported,  in  part,  by  eight 
Corinthian  columns  of  Italian  marble.  This  rotunda  is 
capable  of  containing  3000  persons.  Its  entire  cost, 
including  the  ground,  was  over  $1,800,000.  The  archi- 
tect was  Isaiah  Rogers ;  and  it  was  built  on  the  site  of 
the  old  Exchange,  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1835.  The 
original  stockholders  lost  every  penny  of  their  invest- 
ment, it  having  been  sold  to  other  hands  to  defray  the 
mortgage  held  by  the  Barings  of  London. 

THE  MERCHANTS'  EXCHANGE 

Is  now  held  in  William  street,  near  Exchange  Place. 
The  Merchants'  Exchange  sales-room  is  in  the  Trinity 
Building,  on  Broadway,  north  of  Trinity  Church. 

THE  NEW  POST-OFFICE, 

At  the  lower  end  of  the  City  Hall  Park  (junction  of 
Broadway  and  Park  Row),  is  a  grand  and  imposing 
granite  edifice  of  the  Doric  style  of  architecture,  and  is 
said  to  be  entirely  fire-proof.  It  occupies  an  excellent 
site,  and  shows  to  good  advantage  from  every  side.  It 


Custom  House. 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


43 


is,  beyond  question,  the  finest  post-office  building,  with 
possibly  one  exception — that  at  Washington — which 
has  been  erected  in  the  United  States.  It  is  very  nearly 
350  feet  in  length,  about  300  feet  in  width,  find  is  five 
stories  high,  surmounted  with  an  enormous  dome. 

The  stranger  will  be  amply  repaid  by  a  visit,  and 
should  particularly  note  the  rapid  and  systematic  man- 
ner in  which  the  enormous  mails — fully  250,000  letters 
daily — are  distributed. 

The  upper  portion  of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the 
several  United  States  District  Courts,  and  also  by  other 
officials  of  the  Federal  Government. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  TREASURY  AND  ASSAY  OFFICE, 

On  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau  streets,  is  a  splendid 
building,  constructed  in  the  Doric  order  of  Grecian 
architecture.  It  is  built  in  the  most  substantial  manner 
of  white  marble,  something  after  the  model  of  the  Par- 
thenon at  Athens ;  as  a  piece  of  masonry,  it  is  equal  to 
any  structure  extant,  and  to  judge  from  appearances, 
likely  to  become  as  enduring  as  the  pyramids;  it  occupies 
the  site  of  the  old  Federal  Hall.  The  building  is  200 
feet  long,  80  feet  wide,  and  80  feet  high :  at  the  southern 
end,  on  Wall  street,  is  a  portico  of  eight  purely  Grecian 
columns,  5  feet  8  inches  in  diameter,  and  32  feet  high ; 
and  on  the  northern  end,  on  Pine  street,  is  a  correspond- 
ing portico,  of  similar  columns.  The  front  portico  is 
ascended  by  eighteen  marble  steps,  and  the  rear  portico, 
on  Pine  street,  by  only  three  or  four  marble  steps.  It  is 
two  lofty  stories  high  above  the  basement  story.  The 
great  business  hall  is  a  splendid  room,  60  feet  in  diame- 
ter. The  cost  of  the  building,  including  the  ground,  w^as 
$1,195,000. 

THE  CITY  ARMORY, 

The  old  City  Armory  or  Arsenal,  is  situated  at  the 
junction  3f  Elm  and  White  streets,  extending  84  feet  on 


44 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Elm,  and  131  feet  on  White  street.  The  edifice  is  so  con- 
structed, that  in  case  of  any  popular  tumult,  it  could  be 
defended  by  a  garrison  of  50  men.  The  ground-floor 
is  used  as 'a  gun-room,  and  the  upper  room  for  drilling, 
&c.  The  style  of  the  architecture  is  a  kind  of  gothic, 
with  castellated  towers.  This  arsenal  contains  a  por- 
tion of  the  artillery  of  the  first  division  of  the  New 
York  State  Militia.  It  is  intended  that  a  large  flagstaff 
shall  be  erected  on  the  centre  of  the  roof  of  this  build- 
ing, in  order  that  telegraphic  communications  may  be 
conveyed  by  wires  from  it  to  the  new  arsenal  up  towr., 
which  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Thirty-fifth  street 
and  Seventh  Avenue. 

THE  HALL  OF  RECORDS, 

Located  to  the  east  of  the  City  Hall,  was  origii.ally 
used  for  a  prison,  and  subsequently  as  a  cholera  hos- 
pital. It  is  of  coarse  stone  stuccoed  over;  th(  en- 
trances north  and  south,  are  ornamented  with  ^9nic 
columns.  The  building  is  now  used  as  the  Depository 
for  Deeds,  Records,  &c. 

THE  HALLS  OF  JUSTICE. 

This  is  the  city  prison,  or  as  it  is  more  familiarly  styled, 
from  its  gloomy  aspect,  athe  Tombs."  It  is  a  spacious 
building,  or  rather  series  of  buildings, — occupying  the 
square  bounded  by  Centre  street  on  the  east,  Elm  street 
on  the  west,  and  Franklin  and  Leonard  streets  on  the 
north  and  south.  It  is  a  massive  structure,  in  the 
Egyptian  style,  the  main  entrance  being  by  an  ascent 
of  steps  beneath  a  large  portico  supported  by  massive 
Egyptian  columns.  The  Court  of  Sessions,  Police 
Court,  and  others,  are  held  in  this  building.  It  also 
comprises  the  prison,  which  has  about  150  cells.  The 
house  of  detention  measures  142  feet  by  45.  The 
place  of  execution  of  criminals  is  the  interior  court- 
yard. The  edifice  was  completed  in  1838.  On  appli- 
cation to  the  keeper,  visitors  may  obtain  admission  to 
the  building. 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS 


45 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 

BLACK  WEIL'S  ISLAND. 

A  visit  to  the  several  establishments  on  this  island  will 
well  repay  any  one  interested  in  the  efforts  for  amel- 
iorating human  suffering.  There  are  on  the  island,  the 
Penitentiary,  with  its  500  to  1000  convicts,  the  Aims- 
House  Hospital,  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  the  New 
Work-House, — which  last  is  one  of  the  most  complete 
edifices  in  the  country.  It  is  built  of  stone  taken  from 
the  quarries  of  the  island.  It  is  a  very  spacious  build- 
ing, being  capable  of  holding  about  600  persons ;  all  its 
internal  arrangements  are  very  complete.  The  humane 
object  of  this  institution  is  to  separate  vagrants  from 
criminals,  and  to  compel  all  to  work  who  are  able  to 
do  something  towards  their  own  support.  The  build- 
ing, which  is  325  feet  in  length,  cost  about  $100,000. 
Tickets  for  admission  to  the  island  can  be  obtained  of 
the  (Jommissioners  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction ; 
office,  corner  Eleventh  street  and  Third  avenue. 

There  are  various  modes  of  conveyance  to  the  is- 
land,— by  the  Second  or  Third  avenue  cars  to  Ninety- 
second  street,  where  a  boat  will  be  found  at  almost 
any  hour ;  also  by  steamer  from  foot  of  Twenty-seventh 
street,  East  River. 

WARD'S  ISLAND 

May  also  be  visited  by  the  same  conveyances,  on  ob- 
taining a  permit  from  the  Commissioners  of  Emigra- 
tion, at  their  office  in  the  New  City  Hall,  near  the 
junction  of  Chambers  and  Centre  streets. 

RANDALL'S  ISLAND 

May  be  reached  also  by  boat  from  foot  of  27th.  St.E.R. 
each  day  at  noon.    Here  aie  the  nurseries  for  the  sup- 


46 


CITY  OF  NEW  YOHK. 


port  and  instruction  of  destitute  children.  This  insti- 
tution is  the  most  interesting  of  all,  and  commends 
itself  to  the  sympathies  of  all  who  would  become 
acquainted  with  the  benevolent  agencies  of  New  York 
city.  Permits  may  be  had,  as  for  Blackwell's  Island. 
There  are  usually  to  be  seen  here,  in  the  several  insti- 
tutions, from  4000  to  5000  persons  young  and  old. 

THE  NEW  YORK  ORPHAN  ASYLUM, 

Situated  in  Bloomingdale,  near  Eightieth  street,  com- 
prises a  fine  building  120  feet  by  60,  and  nine  acres  ot 
ground,  laid  out  with  much  taste.  These  grounds  com- 
mand a  splendid  view  of  the  Hudson  and  East  Kivers 
with  the  surrounding  scenery.  There  are  in  this  insti- 
tution about  200  orphans.  The  institution  was  incor- 
porated by  charter  in  1807,  and  its  present  edifice  was 
completed  in  1840.  It  is  a  most  praiseworthy  insti- 
tution, and  a  very  interesting  one  to  visit. 

THE  BLOOMINGDALE  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE, 

A  branch  of  the  New  York  Hospital,  is  situated  in  the 
Bloomingdale  Eoad,  at  a  distance  of  about  seven  miles 
from  the  City  Hall.  It  occupies  a  most  beautiful  and 
commanding  site,  and  its  approach  and  surroundings 
are  admirably  fitted  to  lighten  the  sense  of  depression 
and  gloom  which  we  instinctively  associate  with  every 
establishment  of  the  kind.  The  treatment  administer- 
ed to  its  unfortunate  inmates,  too,  is  of  the  most  en- 
lightened, humane,  and  rational  sort.  The  principal 
building  is  211  feet  in  length,  60  in  depth,  and  four 
stories  in  height;  with  side  buildings. 

The  approach  to  the  Asylum  from  the  southern  en- 
trance, by  the  stranger  who  associates  the  most  sombre 
scenes  with  a  lunatic  hospital,  is  highly  pleasing.  The 
sudden  opening  of  the  view,  the  extent  of  the  grounds, 
the  various  avenues  gracefully  winding  through  so 
arge  a  lawn ;  the  cedar  hedges,  the  fir  and  other  orna- 
mental trees,  tastefully  distributed  or  grouped,  the 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 


47 


variety  of  shrubbery  and  flowers.  The  central  building, 
however,  is  always  open  to  visitors,  and  the  view  from 
the  top  of  it,  being  the  most  extensive  and  beautiful  of 
any  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city,  is  well  worthy  of  their 
attention. 

THE  LENOX  HOSPITAL, 

Appropriately  named  after  its  benevolent  and  public- 
spirited  founder,  Mr.  James  Lenox,  is  situated  on  Sev- 
entieth street,  near  Fifth  Avenue. 

There  are  three  large  handsome  buildings,  pleasantly 
situated,  and  with  every  imaginable  convenience  that 
the  comfort  of  its  inmates  requires  ;  the  whole,  includ- 
ing the  site  on  which  it  is  erected^  being  a  gift  of  its 
founder  to  the  city.  Probably  no  finer  buildings,  en- 
dowed by  a  single  individual  and  devoted  to  such  a 
charitable  purpose,  have  ever  been  erected  in  this  or  any 
other  country. 

MOUNT  SINAI  HOSPITAL, 

Lexington  Avenue,  between  Sixty-sixth  and  Sixty- 
seventh  streets,  comprises  several  buildings  of  the 
Elizabethan  order  of  architecture,  constructed  of  brick, 
trimmed  with  marble,  and  complete  in  all  their  ap- 
pointments.   The  entire  cost  was  about  $350,000. 

THE  ROOSEVELT  HOSPITAL, 

Located  on  Fifty-ninth  street  and  Ninth  Avenue,  is  an 
immense  brick  structure.  It  was  founded  by  the  late 
James  H.  Roosevelt,  another  of  our  great  philanthro- 
pists, whose  name  it  bears,  and  is  in  every  respect  an 
excellent  institution. 

CHILDREN'S  HOSPITAL  AND  NURSERY, 

Including  a  Foundling  Asylum,  and  a  Lying-in-Asylum, 
is  corner  of  51st  street  and  Lexington  Avenue.  The  pro- 
ceeds of  a  brilliant  annual  ball  is  given  to  this  chari- 
table institution 


48 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  BELLEVUE  HOSPITAL, 

Under  the  management  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
of  Charities  and  Correction,  is  located  at  Twenty-sixth 
street  and  East  River.  The  accommodations  here  are 
also  excellent. 


THE  NEW  YORK  DISPENSARIES, 

Which  are  associations  for  giving  medicine  and  medical 
advice  to  the  poor.  The  Northern  Dispensary,  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Christopher  st.  and  Waverley  place,  was 
founded  in  1829 ;  and  the  Eastern  Dispensary,  on  the 
corner  of  Ludlow  street  and  Essex  Market  Place,  was 
instituted  in  1834.  There  is  also  a  still  older  Dispensary 
on  the  corner  of  White  and  Centre  streets,  established 
in  1795;  and  is  estimated  to  have  given  relief  to  more 
than  fifty  thousand  patients  since  its  first  organiz- 
ation. 

THE  DEMILT  DISPENSARY 

Is  a  fine  building  at  the  corner  of  the  Second  Avenue 
and  Twenty-third  street,  which  with  the  ground  cost 
$30,000 — the  noble  donation  of  the  late  Miss  Demilt. 
About  3000  patients  are  annually  benefited  by  this 
noble  charity  of  a  single  benefactor. 

THE  ASYLUM  FOR  AGED  INDIGENT  FEMALES 

Is  located  in  Twentieth  street,  near  Second  Avenue.  Its 
title  indicates  sufficiently  the  object  of  the  institution, 
which  is  both  well  filled  and  well  sustained. 

ST.  LUKE'S  HOSPITAL, 

At  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-fourth  street, 
is  an  admirable  charity  institution,  sustained  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Episcopal  Churches  of  ^etv  York. 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 


49 


LEAKE  &  "WATTS  ORPHAN  HOUSE. 

This  praiseworthy  institution,  founded  by  the  two 
benevolent  persons  whose  names  it  bears,  is  located  on 
Ninth  Avenue,  corner  of  West  111th  street,  and,  as  its 
name  implies,  is  the  orphan's  friend. 

THE  MAGDALEN  FEMALE  ASYLUM, 

Situate  west  of  the  Harlem  railroad,  on  Eighty-eighth 
street,  near  Fifth  Avenue.  This  praiseworthy  institu- 
tion, as  its  name  indicates,  has  been  established  for  the 
recovery  and  restoration  of  fallen  and  distressed  females. 
It  is  well  sustained ;  and  by  the  self-sacrificing  labors  ot 
the  benevolent,  has  been  productive  of  great  good. 

COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  AND  SUEGE0NS. 

This  is  a  handsome  edifice,  corner  of  Twenty-third 
street  and  Fourth  Avenue.  It  was  founded  in  1807, 
has  eight  professors,  and  about  two  hundred  students. 
There  is  a  small  library  here  of  about  1,500  volumes, 
and  an  anatomical  museum.  This  museum  is  ac- 
cessible to  the  public  on  application  to  the  janitor. 


STEWART  S  HOME  FOR  WORKING  WOMEN, 

Fourth  Avenue,  extending  from  Thirty-third  to  Thirty- 
fourth  streets,  is  a  gigantic  iron  structure,  erected  by 
Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  and  intended  as  a  Home  for  the 
Working  Women  of  New  York,  where,  at  a  reasonable 
price,  the  comforts  and  independence  of  private  life 
may  be  obtained  ;  it  presents  a  grand  and  imposing- 
appearance,  and  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  edifices 
in  this  city.  A  Library  and  Reading-Rooms  are  also 
provided. 


50 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

This  noble  and  well-conducted  Asylum  is  situated 
at  Fanwood,  Washington  Heights,  on  162d  street, 
which  is  reached  by  means  of  the  Hudson  River  rail- 
road. The  principal  building  measures  110  feet  by  60, 
and  is  five  stories  high.  It  is  capable  of  accommodating 
from  200  to  300  pupils,  exclusive  of  the  principal  and 
teachers,  &c.  It  is  one  of  the  best-endowed  institutions 
of  benevolence  in  New  York ;  being  sustained  by  ap- 
propriations made  by  the  State  Legislature,  by  the  City 
Corporation,  and  private  benefactions.  The  pupils  are 
instructed  in  the  ordinary  branches  of  learning,  and 
some  of  them  in  the  various  trades.  Dr.  Peet  is  the 
superintendent.  Open  to  the  public  from  half-past  one 
to  four  p.  m.  every  day. 

THE  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  BLIND 

Is  on  the  Ninth  Avenue,  between  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty -fourth  streets,  occupying  32  lots  of  ground,  pre- 
sented by  James  Boorman,  Esq.  The  edifice  is  of  gran- 
ite, and  of  the  Gothic  order  of  architecture.  It  owes 
its  origin  mainly  to  Dr.  J.  D.  Russ,  whose  attention  was 
directed  to  the  sightless  condition  of  a  large  number  of 
the  children  in  the  City  Alms  House.  Moved  by  the 
spectacle,  he  determined  to  devote  himself  to  their  re- 
lief, and  for  that  purpose  took  seven  children  from  the 
Alms  House  and  gratuitously  instructed  them  for  nearly 
two  years,  and  finally  obtained  the  passage  of  an  act  by 
the  legislature  for  their  support.  In  this  effort  he  was 
ably  supported  by  Samuel  Wood,  a  well-known  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Akerly,  dis- 
tinguished for  his  zeal  and  labors  in  behalf  of  the  Insti- 
tution for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Here  also  the  usual 
branches  of  education  are  taught,  and  the  pupils  are  in- 
structed in  the  several  useful  arts  of  life.  It  is  an  ex- 
ceedingly useful  object  to  visit,  as  is  also  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Asylum.  The  Institution  is  open  to  visitors  on 
week  days,  from  one  to  six  p.  m.,  and  may  be  conven- 
iently reached  by  stages  and  cars  that  run  on  the  Eighth 
Avenue. 


Odd  Fellows'  Hall. 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 


51 


THE  HOUSE  OF  INDUSTRY  AND  HOME  FOR  THE 
FRIENDLESS 

Is  located  on  Thirtieth  street,  between  Fourth  and  Madi- 
son Avenues.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  a  society  de- 
voted to  the  protection  of  deserted  children,  and  adult 
persons  who  may  be  in  distress.  This  association  has 
largely  contributed  to  the  relief  of  the  poor  and  desti- 
tute of  the  city, — in  one  year  it  relieved,  and  provided 
with  places,  over  600  young  and  old.  The  society  pub- 
lishes a  paper  semi-monthly,  entitled  u  The  Advocate 
and  Guardian  "  which  has  a  circulation  of  about  15,000 
copies ;  it  has  also  published  over  10,000  tracts,  &c. 

THE  HOUSE  AND  SCHOOL  OF  INDUSTRY 

Has  its  rooms  No.  120  West  Sixteenth  street.  It  was 
organized  in  1850. 

THE  SHELTERING  ARMS, 

Tenth  Avenue,  corner  West  129th  street,  is  an  institu- 
tion for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  orphan  children, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 
It  is  delightfully  situated,  overlooking  the  Hudson 
River,  and  is  a  very  praiseworthy  institution. 


THE  HOUSE  OF  INDUSTRY, 

In  the  Five  Points,  near  Centre  and  Pearl  streets.  Mr. 
W.  F.  Barnard  now  has  charge  of  the  House  of  Indus- 
try. Placed  in  the  very  midst  of  squalid  poverty 
and  crime,  this  excellent  charity  has  achieved  great 
results  in  rescuing  and  reclaiming  the  youth  of  vicious 
parentage.  This  noble  institution  dates  back  only  to 
1848,  yet  thus  far  has  its  progress  been  incomparably 
the  most  successful  of  an}^  of  the  numerous  noble  chari- 
ties of  New  York.  Persevering  through  numberless 
difficulties,  its  founder  at  length  achieved  a  great 
success  in  his  laudable  endeavors.  It  has  now  from 
100  to  200  inmates,  rescued  from  the  purlieus  of  vice 
4* 


CITY  OF  NEW  YOKE. 


and  poverty ;  hopefully  engaged  in  this  "  House  of  In« 
dustry."  Since  its  foundation,  between  800  and  90C 
women  have  been  sent  out  to  places  in  the  country. 
By  an  economical  plan,  the  major  part  of  the  expenses 
of  the  establishment  have  been  defrayed  by  the  pro- 
ductive labor  of  the  inmates. 

There  are  many  other  philanthropic  societies  in  New 
York,  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  detail,  as  they  may 
be  found  briefly  named  in  the  City  Directory.  The 
more  prominent  are  the  following  benevolent  societies: 

ODD  FELLOWS  HALL. 

The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  number,  in 
New  Yopk  city,  about  90  lodges,  and  about  12  encamp- 
ments, including  many  thousand  members ;  many  of 
the  lodges  have  fine  halls,  in  various  parts  of  this  city 
and  the  neighboring  cities  of  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg, 
Jersey  City,  &c. ;  but  the  grand  rendezvous  of  the  order, 
is  the  large  brown-stone  building  at  the  corner  of  Grand 
and  Centre  streets,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $125,000.  This 
imposing  edifice  presents  a  noble  appearance,  being  sub- 
stantially built,  lofty,  and  surmounted  by  a  dome.  It 
contains  a  series  of  highly  ornamented  lodge-rooms, 
richly  furnished  and  in  different  styles  of  architecture : 
some  Egyptian,  Grecian,  Elizabethan,  &c.  These  ele- 
gant apartments  are  well  worth  a  visit.  The  average 
receipts  of  the  association  which  owns  this  edifice,  is 
estimated  at  about  $75,000.  Their  distribution  in  the 
form  of  benefactions  to  the  sick  and  poor,  is  on  a  scale 
of  corresponding  liberality. 

THE  MASONIC  TEMPLE, 

At  Sixth  Avenue  and  Twent}r-third  street,  directly 
opposite  Booth's  Theatre,  is  the  magnificent  structure 
of  the  Masonic  Fraternity  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
It  is  constructed  of  granite,  is  fire-proof,  and  complete 
in  all  its  appointments  ;  it  is  beyond  question  the  finest 
building  devoted  to  Masonic  purposes  in  this  country. 


BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 


53 


The  style  of  architecture  is  of  the  Doric  and  Ionic 
orders,  and  presents  a  very  unique  appearance.  The 
interior  is  very  elegant,  and  furnishes  accommodations 
for  all  the  different  Masonic  bodies.  The  lower  portion 
is  rented  for  business  purposes,  from  which  quite  a 
desirable  revenue  is  derived. 


THE  SAILORS  SNUG  HARBOR, 

An  Asylum  for  aged  and  infirm  seamen,  is  situated  on 
the  north  side  of  Staten  Island.  It  was  founded  by 
Capt.  Randall  in  1801,  and  incorporated  in  1806  in  New 
York ;  the  present  noble  building  on  Staten  Island, 
measures  225  feet  in  length,  with  160  acres  of  ground; 
about  300  aged  and  disabled  seamen  are  here  supported. 
Near  the  Quarantine  grounds,  are  the  Seamen's  Retreat 
for  the  sick,  and  the  Home  for  Sailor's  Children,  also  the 
Marine  Hospital,  which  is  supported  by  an  emigrant 
tax  of  $2  on  every  cabin  passenger,  native  of  a  foreign 
country,  and  50  cents  for  every  steerage  passenger. 
The  fund  from  these  sources,  amounts  to  nearly  $100,000 
per  annum.  There  is  yet  another  benevolent  marine 
society,  styled  The  American  Seamen's  Friend  Society, 
whose  object  is  to  bring  good  influences  to  bear  upon 
this  class,  by  preaching,  and  by  opening  boarding-houses, 
reading-rooms,  savings  banks,  &c. 


54 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  CHAEITIES  AND  CORRECTIONS 

Have  erected  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  street  and  Third 
Avenue  a  neat  and  substantial  building,  which  they  oc- 
cupy. This  very  important  department  was  created  by 
an  act  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  is  the  most  benevo- 
lent institution  in  the  city.  Almost  hourly  through  the 
winter  the  rooms  are  crowded  with  applicants  for  relief, 
whose  wants  are  amply  and  promptly  attended  to.  A 
large  and  very  efficient  corps  of  assistants  are  employed 
to  carry  out  the  objects  for  which  this  institution  was  cre- 
ated. This  department  is  under  the  management  of  a 
Board  of  Five  Commissioners,  who  have  entire  control 
over  all  the  public  institutions  of  the  city,  including  Ran- 
dall's, Ward's,  and  BlackwelPs  Islands.  Any  person  de- 
sirous of  visiting  any  or  all  of  these  places,  can  obtain 
permits  at  this  omce.  . 


LITERARY  &  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS. 

.    THE  ASTOR  LIBRARY, 

Situated  on  Lafayette  Place,  near  Astor  Place,  is  justly 
regarded  as  the  library  collection  of  the  continent.  Its 
literary  treasures  comprise  some  of  the  rarest  and  most 
valuable  productions  of  art  extant.  Dr.  Cogswell,  the 
learned  Librarian,  has  collected  from  all  parts  of  the  old 
world  a  vast  accumulation  of  costly  works  in  all  de- 
partments of  human  knowledge  ;  including  about  1000 
bibliographical  books,  and  numerous  superbly  illustrat- 
ed works  of  great  rarity  and  value,  on  almost  all  sub- 
jects— science,  history,  biography,  philology,  &c,  &c. 
It  already  contains  over  100,000  volumes,  and  further 
additions"  are  constantly  being  made  to  this  collection 
by  the  munificence  of  its  founder,  John  Jacob  Astor 
who  endowed  it  with  the  sura  of  $400,000. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS. 


55 


This  stately  edifice,  built  of  brick,  ornamented  with 
brown  stone,  is  of  the  Romanesque  style,  and  of  great 
symmetrical  beauty.  Its  interior,  however,  is  much 
more  imposing.  The  entrance  to  the  Library  Hall  is 
by  a  flight  of  38  marble  steps  leading  to  the  second 
story.  This  splendid  hall  is  richly  decorated  with  14 
piers  finished  in  imitation  of  Italian  marble,  and  over 
these  are  galleries  ranged  on  either  side,  inclosed  with 
gilt  iron  railings.  These  upper  galleries  are  reached  by 
eight  spiral  stairways.  The  height  of  the  Library  is 
near  50  feet,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  ceiling  is  a  large 
skylight,  measuring  54  feet  by  14,  and  at  each  side 
smaller  lights  ;  there  are  no  other  windows,  these  how- 
ever afford  sufficient  light  for  the  building.  In  the  east 
end  are  inclosures  railed  in,  and  the  Librarian's  rooms. 
In  the  lower,  or  first  floor,  are  the  Lecture  room  and 
Reading  rooms.  The  floors  are  of  mosaic  work.  A 
visit  to  this  noble  institution,  with  its  rich  and  rare  col- 
lection of  sumptuous  books,  will  become  a  necessity  to  all 
who  have  any  love  for  literature  and  art. 

In  the  year  1857,  William  B.  Astor,  Esq.,  made  a  do- 
nation, to  the  Trustees,  of  the  adjoining  lot;  upon 
which  another  structure,  in  all  respects  corresponding 
with  the  first,  has  just  been  erected.  Thus  the  Astor 
Library  has  now  doubled  its  proportions — forming 
the  most  imposing  architectural  edifice  of  its  class  in 
the  United  States.  This  new  building  was  opened  to 
the  public  in  the  Autumn  of  1859 — immediately  after 
the  return  of  Dr.  Cogswell  from  Europe  with  a  further 
collection  of  literary  spoils. 

THE  COOPER  UNION 

Is  a  noble  building  erected  by  Mr.  Peter  Cooper,  of  New 
York,  and  is  devoted  to  the  u  moral,  intellectual,  and 
physical  improvement  of  his  countrymen."  The  build- 
ing covers  an  entire  block,  having  a  front  on  Third  Av- 
enue of  195  feet,  on  Fourth  Avenue  155,  on  Eighth 
street  143,  and  on  Seventh  street  86.  It  is  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  new  "  Bible  House,"  the  11  Astor 


56 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Library,1'  the  "  Mercantile  Library,"  and  the  rooms  of 
various  literary  and  scientific  societies.  In  the  base- 
ment is  a  large  lecture-room,  125  feet  long  by  85  wide 
and  21  high;  and  this,  and  also  the  first  and  second 
stories,  which  are  arranged  for  stores  and  offices,  are 
rented,  so  as  to  produce  a  revenue  to  meet  the  annual 
expenses  of  the  u Institute."  The  "Institute"  proper — 
or  the  "  Union" — commences  with  the  third  story,  in 
which  is  an  "  exhibition-room,"  30  feet  high  and  125  by 
82,  lighted  from  above  by  a  dome.  The  fourth  story 
may  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  third,  being  a  con- 
tinuation of  galleries  with  alcoves  for  painting  and 
sculpture.  In  the  fifth  story  are  two  large  lecture- 
rooms  ;  and  the  library,  consisting  of  five  rooms,  which 
connect  with  each  other  and  with  the  lecture-rooms. 
There  are  also  rooms  for  experiments,  for  instruments, 
and  for  the  use  of  artists.  The  cost  of  the  building  is 
about  $300,000,  and  the  annual  income  from  the  rented 
parts  is  from  $25,000  to  $30,000.  The  whole  is  under 
the  control  of  a  Board  of  Directors  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public;  the  course  of  lectures,  the  library,  and  the 
reading-rooms  being  all  free.  In  the  munificence  both 
of  the  gift  and  the  endowment,  the  "  Cooper  Institute" 
stands  as  a  monument  to  its  noble-hearted  founder 
more  enduring  than  the  pyramids.  The  School  of  De- 
sign for  women  has  rooms  in  this  building. 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK, 

In  Twenty-third  street,  corner  of  Lexington  Avenue, 
was  established  in  1848,  by  the  Board  of  Education  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  in  pursuance  of  an  act  passed 
May  7,  1847,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  higher  educa- 
tion for  such  pupils  of  the  Common  Schools  as  may 
wish  to  avail  themselves  thereof.  The  college  is  under 
the  general  superintendence  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion; but  it  is  specially  under  the  supervision  of  an 
Executive  Committee,  for  its  care,  government,  and 
management,  appointed  by  the  Board.   All  its  expenses 


LITER AKY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS.  57 

for  instruction,  apparatus,  library,  cabinet  collections, 
books,  and  stationery,  are  paid  out  of  the  public  treasury. 

The  cost  of  the  ground  was  $37,810,  the  edifice, 
$75,000,  and  the  interior  furniture,  apparatus,  &c, 
$26,867.  The  building  measures  125  feet  by  80,  and 
will  accommodate  1000  pupils. 

The  students  are  admitted  in  annual  classes,  and  the 
full  course  of  study  embraces  five  years. 

The  Board  of  Education  is  authorized  by  law  to  con- 
fer the  usual  collegiate  degrees  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  faculty. 

Graduates  may  become  "Resident  Graduates,"  and 
continue  their  studies  at  option.  The  Academical  stud- 
ies during  Term  time,  continue  daily  (except  Saturday 
and  Sunday)  from  a  quarter  before  9  o'clock  a.  m.  to  3 
o'clock  P.  M. 

MERCANTILE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

Occupy  the  Clinton  Hall  building  in  Astor  Place,  Eighth 
street.  This  noble  establishment  comprises  a  fine  li- 
brary, reading-room,  and  lecture-room,  also  cabinets  of 
minerals,  &e.  Its  literary  collections  numbering  be- 
tween 90,  and  100,000  volumes,  in  the  several  depart- 
ments of  general  knowledge,  including  also  a  valuable 
series  of  periodical  works,  unsurpassed  by  any  other 
institution.  The  number  of  its  members  at  the  present 
time  exceeds  4000.  This  institution,  originally  estab- 
lished for  the  use  of  clerks,  has  been  since  thrown  open 
to  the  public  on  payment  of  the  subscription,  $5  per  an- 
num.   Clerks  pay  $1  initiation  fee,  and  $2  subscription. 

THE  NEW  YORK  SOCIETY  LIBRARY 

Is  situated  in  University  Place,  near  Twelfth  street. 
This  time-honored  institution,  founded  in  1754,  pos- 
sesses a  fine  collection  of  books  in  general  literature, 
numbering  about '38,000  volumes.  Permanent  mem- 
bers of  this  institution,  by  the  payment  of  $25,  and 
the  annual  fee  of  $6,  become  stockholders.  Tem- 
porary members  are  admitted  on  the  payment  of  $J.P 


53 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


per  annum.  To  all  these  literary  establishments,  visit- 
ors are  admitted. 

THE  LENOX  LIBRARY, 

On  Fifth  Avenue,  between  Seventy  and  Seventy-first 
streets,  contains  one  of  the  most  valuable  collections  of 
books,  paintings,  and  other  works  of  art,  that  are  to  be 
found  in  the  city  ;  the  whole,  including  the  very  hand- 
some and  massive  building  in  which  they  are  contained, 
being  a  gift  to  the  city  by  its  illustrious  founder,  Mr. 
James  Lenox,  who  also  endowed  the  Hospital  bearing 
his  name.  The  Library  building,  of  the  modern  French 
style  of  architecture,  is  entirely  fire-proof,  being  com- 
posed of  stone  and  iron,  and  is  especially  adapted  to 
hold  its  valuable  treasures.  Mr.  Lenox  also  gave  the 
sum  of  $300,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Library. 

THE  CITY  LIBRARY 

Is  in  the  City  Hall,  and  is  free  to  all  persons. 

THE  NEW  YORK  LAW  INSTITUTE 

Have  a  valuable  library  of  law  books  at  No.  41  Cham- 
bers street.    Open  daily. 

THE  PRINTERS'  FREE  LIBRARY, 

Located  at  No.  3  Chambers  street,  has  over  4,000  vol- 
umes.   It  is  open  every  Saturday  evening. 

THE  LYCEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

Is  a  society  of  scientific  men,  formed  for  the  study  of 
natural  history.  Its  rooms  are  at  64  Madison  Avenue. 
It  possesses  a  good  library,  and  a  large  museum  of 
minerals,  plants,  and  specimens  of  natural  history.  It 
is  accessible  to  the  public. 

THE  APPRENTICES'  LIBRARY, 

containing  about  16,000  volumes  for  the  use  of  youth- 
ful apprentices,  is  in  the  Mechanics'  Hall,  472  Broad- 
way, near  Grand  street. 


LITERAEY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS.  59 


THE  NEW  YORK  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY, 

Established  upwards  of  half  a  century,  have  a  noble 
edifice  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  street  and  Second 
Avenue.  It  is  an  elegant  fire-proof  structure,  built  of 
yellow  sandstone  from  the  province  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  is  splendidly  fitted  up.  Its  literary  collections  con- 
sist of  rare  and  valuable  books  pertaining  to  the  history 
and  antiquities  of  the  country;  also  medals,  coins, 
maps,  engravings,  &c.  The  Library  comprises  about 
20,000  volumes.  There  is  a  fine  Picture-gallery  in  the 
uppermost  story ;  the  Library  Hall,  Lecture-room,  and 
various  offices  are  characterized  by  great  architectural 
beauty.  Recently  there  have  been  added  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  Nineveh  Marbles,  presented  by  James  Lenox, 
Esq.,  and  Dr.  Abbott's  Egyptian  Collection  (obtained 
by  liberal  subscription),  one  of  the  most  valuable  mu- 
seums of  Egyptian  antiquities  in  the  world.  The  meet- 
ings of  the  society  are  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month;  there  are  also  occasional  Lectures  given,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  regular  series.  Mr.  George  H.  Moore  is 
the  Librarian,  and  the  membership  of  the  association 
numbers  about  1,500,  including  the  leading  literary 
men  of  the  country. 


AMERICAN  ETHNOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

Founded  in  1842.  The  first  President  of  this  society 
was  the  late  Albert  Gallatin,  formerly  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  &c,  who  held  the  office  until  his  death  in  1849. 
The  object  of  the  society  is  "the  prosecution  of  in- 
quiries into  the  origin,  progress,  and  characteristics  of 
the  various  races  of  men."  This  society  has  collected 
a  large  amount  of  materials,  and  has  published  three 
volumes  of  Transactions.  The  meetings  are  held  at  the 
houses  of  members,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  each 
month 


60 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  NEW  YORK  JUVENILE  ASYLUM, 

A  fine  stone  edifice,  situated  near  High  Bridge,  19  a 
home  and  reformatory  for  neglected  children.  The  asy- 
lum, by  its  charter,  becomes  the  legal  guardian  of  a!l 
such  children  as  may  be  committed  to  it  by  the  volun- 
tary act  of  their  parents  or  by  the  precept  of  a  police 
magistrate.  The  institution  owes  its  origin  to  Dr.  J.  D. 
Russ  of  this  city,  so  favorably  known  for  his  exertions 
in  establishing  the  New  York  Institution  for  the  Blind. 
The  success  of  the  institution  has  been  largely  promoted 
by  A:  R.  Wetmore,  Esq.,  who  has  been  its  president 
and  financier  almost  from  its  organization.  It  occupies 
about  20  acres  of  ground,  which  is  in  part  cultivated  by 
the  children,  who,  during  their  stay  in  the  asylum,  are 
instructed  in  all  the  branches  of  a  common  school  edu- 
cation. As  soon  as  their  improvement  will  warrant 
their  removal,  they  are  sent  to  the  Great  West  and  in- 
dentured, where,  in  a  few  years,  instead  of  being  drawn 
into  the  vortex  of  crime  as  they  almost  inevitably  would 
have  been  if  left  unprotected  in  our  streets,  they  will 
many  of  them  become  our  law-makers  and  occupy  places 
of  trust.  The  institution  has  a  House  of  Reception  for 
200  children,  at  No.  71  West  Thirteenth  street.  All 
children,  wThen  first  committed,  must  remain  in  this 
house  ten  days,  to  afford  their  parents  an  opportunity 
of  reclaiming  them.  The  two  buildings  can  accommo- 
date about  700.  Take  Hudson  River  railroad#or  Man- 
hattanville  stages  to  Fort  Washington  or  High  Bridge. 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

This  society  have  their  rooms  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  , 
Avenue  and  Twenty-third  street.  The  Association  has 
a  reading-room,  which  is  entirely  distinct  from  the 
library  and  department  for  committee  and  other  meet- 
ings. Devotional  services  are  held  on  Wednesday  and 
Saturday  evenings.  Young  men,  strangers,  and  the 
public  are  cordially  invited. 


New  York 


University. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS. 


61 


THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE, 

At  Cooper  Union,  has  also  a  select  library  of  works, 
principally  relating  to  the  inventive  and  mechanic  arts. 
Under  the  auspices  of  this  association  have  been  held 
the  annual  fairs  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  pro- 1 
gress  of  new  inventions  in  science  and  art. 


THE  AMERICAN  GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  STATISTICAL 
SOCIETY 

Of  New  York,  hold  their  monthly  meetings  at  36 
Cooper  Union.    Hon.  Charles  P.  Daly  is  the  President. 

THE  NEW  YORK  UNIVERSITY 

Is  located  on  the  east  side  of  Washington  Square,  and 
forms  a  noble  architectural  ornament,  being  of  the 
English  collegiate  style  of  architecture.  The  Univer- 
sity was  established  in  1831,  and  has  ever  maintained 
its  high  reputation.  It  has  a  chancellor,  and  a  corps 
of  professors  in  the  various  departments  of  learning. 
There  is  also  a  grammar  school  connected  with  the 
institution;  also  a  valuable  library,  philosophical  ap- 
paratus, &c.  The  edifice  is  of  marble,  and  measures 
about  200  feet  in  front  by  100  in  depth :  it  presents  a 
very  beautiful  appearance  as  seen  through  the  thick 
foliage  of  the  park.  The  great  central  gothic  window 
lights  the  chapel  of  the  University;  divine  service  is 
held  here  every  Sunday  at  the  usual  hours.  The  prin- 
cipal entrance  is  by  the  centre  door,  up  a  flight  of 
marble  steps.  In  the  upper  parts  of  the  building  are 
several  chambers  and  offices,  occupied  by  various  so- 
cieties, literary  persons,  and  artists. 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE, 

Originally  chartered  by  George  II.,  in  1754,  under  the 
title  of  King's  College,  till  within  a  short  period,  stood 
5 


62 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


in  Park  Place.  The  present  edifice  is  on  Forty-ninth, 
street,  near  the  Fifth  avenue.  It  has  a  president  and 
twelve  professors  ;  a  choice  library  of  rare  classical 
works  of  about  18,000  volumes,  museum,  &c. 


PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

New  York  city  stands  at  the  very  head  in  all  efforts 
to  promote  the  interest  of  popular  education.  There 
are  ninety-three  grammar  schools,  mostly  of  three  de- 
partments each — male,  female,  and  primary, — and  ninety* 
one  primary  schools,  for  boys  and  girls,  besides  six  for 
colored  pupils,  making  in  all  about  two  hundred  schools 
at  the  present  time.  The  buildings  are  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial character ;  are  admirably  arranged,  and  fitted 
with  every  modern  improvement. 

The  whole  number  taught  during  the  year  1874  was 
236,526,  being  an  increase  of  nearly  12,000  on  the  pre- 
vious year.  The  number  of  teachers  employed  exceeds 
2,500.  The  course  of  study  is  most  thorough,  and  scholars 
entering  the  primary  class  pass  through  the  various 
grades  of  that  and  the  grammar  department,  and  finally 
graduate  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  (for- 
merly the  Free  Academy)  with  full  collegiate  honors. 

The  cost  of  maintaining  this  vast  system  was  (for  the 
year  1874)  no  less  than  three  millions  of  dollars  ;  yet  this 
great  work  is  carried  on,  and  this  enormous  expenditure 
borne,  without  any  expense  to  the  pupils — buildings, 
tuition,  books,  and  whatever  else  is  needed  being  sup- 
plied without  cost  to  the  scholars. 

The  present  value  of  the  school  property  is  estimated 
at  tipw  ards  of  $6,000,000.  . 

In  connection  with  the  public  schools,  is  the  Normal 
College  for  young  women,  a  grand  cathedral-like  build- 
ing in  Sixty-ninth  street,  near  Fourth  Avenue.  Those 
who  have  graduated  at  the  Grammar  Schools,  and 
desire  to  become  teachers,  here  undergo  a  thorough 
training,  to  prepare  them  for  their  duties. 


Bible  House. 


THE  BIBLE  HOUSE. 


63 


THE  BIBLE  HOUSE, 

'  WTiich  rs  approached  from  Broadway  through  Astor 
Place,  occupies  three  fourths  of  an  acre  of  ground, 
Dounded  by  Third  and  Fourth  Avenues,  and  Eighth  and 
Nmth  streets.  The  form  of  this  gigantic  edifice  is 
nearly  triangular.  It  has  a  front  of  J  98  feet  on  Fourth 
Avenue,  202  on  Eighth  street,  96  on  Third  Avenue, 
and  232  on  Ninth  street.  Its  average  depth  is  about 
50  feet.  It  is  the  property  of  the  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety. This  imposing-looking  edifice,  which  is  substanti- 
ally built  of  brick,  with  stone  facings,  cost  nearly 
$300,000.  The  principal  entrance,  which  is  on  the 
Fourth  Avenue,  has  four  columns,  surmounted  with 
cornice.  In  the  fourth  story  is  a  stone  figure  repre- 
senting Keligion  holding  a  Bible. 

The  receipts  of  the  Society,  at  the  first  year  of  its 
organization  in  1816-17,  were  $37,779.35  ;  its  receipts 
Since  then  amount  to  about  $5,000,000.  It  has  put  in 
circulation  about  nine  millions  of  Bibles  and  Testa- 
ments ;  and  given  some  $500,000  to  various  Missionary 
Stations  to  aid  in  the  publications  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures. It  has  supplied  thousands  of  seamen  and  crimi- 
nals with  copies;  as  well  as  distributed  hundreds  of 
thousands  to  private  families,  hotels,  &c,  in  every  part 
of  the  United  States.  It  has  produced  editions  of  the 
Bible,  or  portions  of  it,  in  about  24  difierent  dialects, 
and  aided  in  issuing  it  in  others.  In  this  spacious 
building  the  following  Societies  have  their  Rooms,  viz  j 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Evangelical  Knowledge,  the  American  Board  of  Com- 
missioners for  Foreign  Missions,  the  American  Home 
Missionary  Society,  the  New  York  Colonization  Soci- 
ety, Society  for  the  Amelioration  of  the  Condition  of 
the  Jews,  the  House  of  Refuge,  Children's  Aid  Society, 
Home  of  the  Friendless.  Nearly  600  persons  are 
employed  in  the  Bible  Hoase  when  in  full  operation. 


64 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


COLLEGE  OF  ST.  FRANCIS  XAVIER. 

This  institution,  situated  on  Fifteenth  >treet,  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth  Avenues,  was  founded  in  1850,  and  in- 
corporated as  a  University  in  18G*.  With  its  Grammar 
School  it  contains  about  four  hundred  pupils.  The 
library  contains  about  15,000  volumes.  The  Rev.  Jo- 
seph Loyzance  is  president. 

MANHATTAN  COLLEGE. 

This  newly  incorporated  University  is  situated  at 
Manhattanville. 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

Is  situated  ISTo.  9  University  Place,  between  Waverley 
Place  and  Eighth  street.  The  principal  edifice  com- 
prises four  large  lecture  rooms,  a  chapel, .  library  of 
16,000  volumes,  and  studies,  also  other  rooms  for  stu- 
dents. It  has  6  professors,  and  usually  about  100  stu- 
dents.   It  was  founded  in  1836. 

THE  GENERAL  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

Of  the  Episcopal  Church  is  situated  in  Twentieth  street, 
corner  of  Ninth  Avenue,  near  the  Hudson,  two  miles 
from  the  City  Hall.  There  are  two  handsome  buildings 
of  stone,  for  the  accommodation  of  professors  and  stu- 
dents. The  Board  of  Trustees  consists  of  all  the  bish- 
ops, and  one  trustee  from  each  diocese  in  the  United 
States.  The  institution  is  well  endowed  and  in  a  flour- 
ishing condition. 


PICTUEE  GALLEKIES,  &c. 

THE  ARTISTS'  STUDIO  BUILDING 

Is  a  fine  brick  edifice  in  Tenth  street,  near  the  Sixth 
Avenue,  and  occupied  by  artists,  &c. 


PICTURE  GALLERIES)  ETC. 


65 


THE  NATIONAL  ACADEMY  OF  DESIGN. 

The  new  building  for  the  National  Academy  of  De- 
sign is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  structures  in  the  city. 
Principally  so,  because  it  is  the  most  prominent  example 
thus  far  set  before  the  public,  of  the  effort  now  being 
made  to  revive  the  Gothic  Architecture  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Century  in  its  true  spirit,  and  adapt  it  to  our  own 
circumstances,  materials,  and  necessities.  The  public 
have,  unfortunately,  been  led  to  call  it  Venetian  Gothic ; 
and,  from  its  similarity  in  proportion,  and  the  fact  that 
the  upper  story  is  decorated  with  diagonal  lines  of  color 
introduced  into  the  wall  itself,  and  has  no  windows,  that 
it  is  a  copy  of  the  famous  Ducal  Palace.  But  a  careful 
examination,  in  comparison  with  a  good  photograph  of 
that  building,  will  dispel  the  delusion.  . 

The  carvings  on  the  capitals  of  the  first  and  second 
stories  are  well  worthy  of  careful  examination,  and  are 
more  particularly  remarkable  from  the  "fact  that  they 
are  almost  entirely  designed  by  the  men  who  carved 
them,  and  are  the  result  of  careful  study  from  natural 
leaves  and  flowers.  The  work  of  the  architect,  in  con- 
nection with  this  decorative  work,  consisted  principally 
of  instructions  given  to  the  workmen  in  the  art  of  de- 
sign applied  to  their  own  work. 

The  fronts  of  the  building  are  built  of  white  West- 
chester county  marble,  banded  with  grey-wacke.  The 
ornamental  iron  work  of  the  exterior  is  worthy  of  care- 
ful attention,  being  entirely  wrought  out  on  the  anvil. 
The  main  entrance-gates  are  wonderful  for  their  light- 
ness, careful  finish,  and  strength,  being  the  most  elabo- 
rate piece  of  architectural  wrought-iron  in  this  country. 

The  building  is  finished  throughout  with  white  pine, 
ash,  mahogany,  oak,  and  black  walnut, — no  paint  being 
used,  but  all  the  woods  showing  their  natural  grain. 

The  grand  staircase  approaching  the  galleries  is  of 
solid  oak,  trimmed  with  walnut,  finished  in  wood  on 
the  under  as  well  as  upper  sides. 

The  interior  accommodations  consist  as  follows :  On 


GO 


CITY  OF  NEW  YOliK. 


the  first  floor  are  the  janitor's  apartments  and  the 
schools,  with  their  appropriate  dressing  rooms.  On  the 
second  story  are  the  reading-room,  libraries,  council- 
room,  and  lecture  room,  together  with  necessary  re- 
tiring rooms  and  an  office  for  business.  On  the  third 
story  are  the  grand  central  hall,  four  picture  galleries, 
and  the  sculpture-room.  This  edifice  has  been  erected 
at  a  cost  of  about  $150,000,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  architect,  P.  B.  Wright,  Esq.,  of  this  city. 

The  annual  exhibitions  of  the  Academy  are  held 
during  the  months  of  April,  May,  June,  and  July, 
during  which  the  building  is  open  to  the  public  for  a 
small  admission  fee.  The  works  of  living  artists  only 
are  exhibited,  and  no  pictures  are  accepted  that  have 
been  previously  exhibited  in  New  York. 

The  exhibition  of  the  Artists'  Fund  Society  is  gener- 
ally held  in  the  galleries  of  the  Academy,  and  takes 
place  in  November  and  December,  annually.  It  is  a 
noble  charity,  devoted  to  the  relief  of  sick  and  poor 
artists. 

METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

Is  at  128  West  14th  street,  and  contains  a  rare  and 
splendid  collection  of  curiosities,  paintings,  and  statuary. 


THE  NEW  YOKE  PEESS. 

There  are  about  thirty  daily  papers  published  in  New 
York,  with  an  aggregate  circulation  of  400,000  copies. 
About  two  thirds  of  this  number  are  distributed  in  the 
city,  the  balance  are  sent  by  mail  to  various  parts  of  the 
country.  Most  of  the  offices  are  accessible  to  public  in- 
spection during  the  hours  of  2  to  4  o'clock. 

THE  TIMES  OFFICE 

Is  situated  at  the  end  of  Park  Row,  facing  Chatham 
street.     It  is  an  attractive  architectural  ornament  to 
this  active  centre  of  the  printing  business.     In  the 
5* 


Evening  Post  Building, 
broadway  &  fulton  street, 


OITT  OF  NEW  YORK". 


6? 


vicinity  are  the  N.  Y.  Tribune  office,  the  Tract  Society, 
the  Sunday  Times,  the  Sunday  Courier,  the  Mercury, 
and  other  papers.  On  the  Nassau  side  of  the  Times 
building  are  the  Observer,  Scientific  American,  the 
Century,  the  United  States  Journal,  &c.  On  this  ac- 
count this  site  has  been  recently  styled  u  Printing 
House  Square." 

The  New  York  Times  building,  erected  during  the 
panic  year,  and  first  occupied  on  the  first  day  of  May, 
1858,  is  a  noble  structure,  constructed  of  stone  azid 
iron,  and  perfectly  fireproof ;  five  stories  in  height ;  the 
walls  a  light  olive-colored  stone,  brought  from  Nova 
Scotia.  Complete  in  all  its  appointments,  this  building 
deserves  especial  mention,  if  for  no  other  reason  than 
that  it  is  the  only  newspaper  office  in  the  United  States 
which  combines  within  itself  the  requisites  of  thorough 
fitness  and  the  elegance  of  refined  taste.  Our  readers, 
we  are  assured,  will  be  interested  in  a  description  of 
the  parts  of  this  establishment. 

The  site  is  that  which  was  for  many  years  occupied 
by  the  Old  Brick  Church  (the  Rev.  Dr.  Spring's),  an 
ancient  place  of  worship,  erected  at  the  period  when 
green  fields  adorned  the  space  now  densely  crowded 
with  great  warehouses,  stores,  and  banks;  when  honest 
old  Knickerbockers  held  the  site  of  the  Park  to  be  a 
journey  out  of  town ;  and  where  the  bones  of  early 
residents  of  the  city  were  solemnly  laid  in  earth  that  is 
now  undermined  by  lighted  vaults  and  rendered  vocal 
by  the  ceaseless  clash  of  ponderous  machinery. 

Thus  much  for  the  exterior.  We  descend  into  the 
spacious  vaults  which  run  down  and  out  towards  the 
centre  of  the  square.  The  peculiar  fitness  of  the  loca- 
tion for  the  purposes  of  a  newspaper  establishment  is 
here  displayed  in  perfection.  No  daily  paper  of  circu- 
lation so  large  as  that  of  the  Times  (40,000)  can  dis- 
pense with  the  use  of  Hoe's  lightning  press.  That 
magnificent  piece  of  machinery  is  necessarily  bulky, 
and  requires  ample  space.  The  press-room  vaults  of 
the  Time**  are  of  extraordinary  dimensions,  extending 


68 


THE  NEW  YORK  PRESS. 


around  the  three  fronts  of  the  building,  and  having 
the  following  measurements  :  On  Spruce  street,  one 
hundred  by  twenty-six  feet  ;  on  Park  row,  one  hun- 
dred by  twenty  feet  ;  on  Nassau  street,  ninety-five  by 
fifteen  feet,  with  a  uniform  depth  of  twenty-four  feet 
below  the  curb.  These  vaults  are  far  the  finest  ever 
constructed  in  New  York. 

The  new  building  of  the  ''Evening  Post/'  a  representa- 
tion of  which  is  given  on  the  opposite  page,  is  on  the 
corner  of  Broadway  and  Fulton  street.  It  has  a  front- 
age on  Broadway  more  than  sixty -two  feet,  and  ex- 
tends one  hundred  and  three  feet  on  Fulton  street.  Its 
height  above  the  sidewalk  is  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  feet,  and  the  cupola  adds  fifteen  feet  more  to  its 
altitude.  The  Press-room  and  connections  occupy  the 
entire  sub  basement,  which  extends  seventeen  feet 
under  Broadway  and  twelve  feet  under  P'ulton  street. 
The  Publication  Offices  are  on  the  first  floor,  and  the 
Editorial  and  Composing-rooms  are  on  the  ninth  floor. 
The  latter  affords  ample  room  and  facilities  for  seventy- 
five  compositors.  The  building  is  well  worthy  of  in- 
spection, and  is  remarkable  in  architecture  from  the 
skill  displayed  in  avoiding  a  monotony  of  appearance. 

"The  Evening  Post"  was  established  in  1801  ;  and 
its  career — and  that  of  its  editor,  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant, 
the  puet  and  author — has  proven  that  in  no  sphere  can 
brighter  or  more  enduring  laurels  be  won  than  in  that 
of  Journalism. 

The  New  York  Herald  Office  is  located  on  the  south-  * 
east  corner  of  Broadway  and  Ann  street  (opposite  St. 
Paul's  Church) — a  massive  building  of  white  marble, 
and  the  most  elegant  newspaper  office  in  the  world. 

The  Sun  Office  is  on  Park  Row,  corner  of  Frankfort 
street,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Tammany  Hall. 

The  office  of  the  New  York  World  is  on  the  northeast 
corner  of  Park  Row  and  Beekman  street,  and  directly 
opposite  is  the  office  of  the  Evening  Mail. 

The  vaults  of  the  above  papers  are  of  gigantic  pro- 
portions, and  well  worthy  of  a  visit. 


'Tribune  Building,*'  Printing  House  £q. 


THE  NEW  YORK  PRESS. 


69 


THE  TRIBUNE  BUILDING, 

Situated  corner  of  Nassau  and  Spruce  streets,  popu- 
larly known  as  Printing-House  Square,  is  the  crowning 
edifice  of  all  the  great  Newspaper  Offices  of  this  city. 
The  building  is  of  gigantic  proportions,  consisting  of  a 
sub-cellar,  basement,  nine  stories,  an  attic,  the  whole 
surmounted  with  an  immense  tower  and  spire.  From 
the  beginning  of  the  foundation  to  the  point  of  the 
spire  is  a  distance  of  285  feet ;  from  the  cellar  to  the 
top  of  the  roof  is  171  feet  ;  the  stone  dormer  windows 
at  the  top  of  the  tower  are  200  feet  above  the  sidewalk. 
It  is  the  highest  building  on  Manhattan  Island,  with 
one  exception,  that  of  Trinity  Church,  and  is  in  many 
respects  the  most  remarkable  edifice  in  this  city.  It  is 
composed  of  brick,  trimmed  with  light-colored  granite, 
and  is  entirely  fire-proof.  It  was  designed  by  Mr. 
Richard  M.  Hunt,  who  certainly  has  greatly  added  to 
his  fame  by  this  splendid  architectural  work.  To  give 
an  idea  of  its  dimensions,  it  may  be  stated  that  the 
structure  has  a  frontage  on  Printing-House  Square  of 
92  feet,  and  on  Spruce  street,  of  52  feet ;  to  this  is  to 
be  added  an  extension  to  Frankfort  street,  which,  when 
completed,  will  give  a  depth  of  about  170  feet.  The 
printing-presses  are  of  the  latest  construction,  a  single 
one  of  which  wilj  deliver  nearly  18,000  complete  papers 
in  an  hour.  The  interior  is  elegantly  finished,  and  in 
connection  with  its  exterior,  presents  a  striking  con- 
trast to  the  old  home  of  the  Tribune.  It  is  the  great- 
est and  most  thoroughly  equipped  newspaper  office  in 
this  country,  and  probably  in  the  world  ;  and  is  an  im- 
perishable monument  to  the  fame  of  its  illustrious  and 
lamented  founder,  the  late  Horace  Greeley. 

THE  N.  Y.  STAAT'S  ZEITUNG 

(German)  has  also  elegant  quarters  ;  the  building  is  con- 
structed of  granite,  and  covers  the  block  extending 
from  Centre  to  Chatham  streets,  on  Tryon  Row. 


70 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 


WALLACE'S  THEATRE 

Is  situated  on  the  comer  of  Broadway  and  13th  street 
This  popular  and  well-conducted  theatre  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  the  patrons  of  the  drama.  Great  pains  are 
taken  to  provide  for  the  public  entertainment,  and  the 
result  is  in  most  instances  successfully  attained. 


NIBLO'S  GARDEN 

Is  another  favorite  resort,  and  is  situated  on  Broadway, 
between  Prince  and  Houston  streets,  with  the  entrance 
under  the  Metropolitan  Hotel.  It  is  elegantly  fitted  up. 
and  capable  of  seating  two  thousand  persons,  and  is  gen- 
erally well  filled  with  a  fashionable  audience. 


THE  OLYMPIC  THEATRE, 

At  622  Broadway,  between  Houston  and  Bleecker  streets, 
is  another  fashionable  resort ;  as  is  also 


BOOTH'S  THEATRE. 

This  beautiful  theatre  is  situated  on  the  corner  of 
Twenty-third  street  and  Sixth  Avenue,  entrance  on 
Twenty-third  street. 


Fifth  Avenue,  corner  Fifteenth  Street. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


71 


FIFTH  AVENUE  THEATRE, 

In  West  28tli  street,  a  few  doors  from  Broadway,  has 
a  stock  company  second  to  none  in  the  city,  and  is  a 
very  handsome  and  cosy  place  of  resort. 

UNION  SQUARE  THEATRE, 

On  Fourteenth  street,  between  Broadway  and  Fourth 
Avenue,  is  also  an  elegant  and  fashionable  place  of 
amusement,  and  has  an  admirable  stock  company. 

THE  PARK  THEATRE, 

Broadway,  between  Twenty-first  and  Twenty-second 
streets,  is  an  excellent  and  well  patronized  theatre. 

ACADEMY  OF  MUSIC, 

Corner  of  Fourteenth  street  and  Irving  Place,  is  a  very 
commodious  and  substantial  building,  well  adapted  for 
the  production  of  Operas,  for  which  it  is  famous. 

BARNUM'S  ROMAN  HIPPODROME, 

Madison  and  Fourth  Avenues,  from  26th  to  27th  streets, 
occupies  a  whole  square,  almost  rivalling  in  proportions 
the  celebrated  Amphitheatres  of  Ancient  Rome.  A 
day  can  be  very  pleasantly  spent  here,  viewing  its  well 
known  attractions. 

WOOD'S  MUSEUM, 

Broadway  near  80th  street,  presents  many  notable  and 
interesting  features,  and  is  well  worthy  of  a  visit. 

THE  COLOSSEUM, 

Broadway  and  35th  street,  furnishes  novel  and  curious 
entertainments,  and  sbould  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 


72 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 


THE  BOWEBY  THEATRE, 

Situated  in  the  Bowery,  near  Canal  street,  occupies 
the  site  upon  which  three  theatres  have  been  succes- 
sively burnt  and  rebuilt.  The  present  edifice  is  of  the 
Doric  order  of  architecture.  This  place  of  entertain- 
ment is  usually  celebrated  for  spectacle  and  the  broader 
kind  of  humor. 

THE  GRAND  OPERA  HOUSE, 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Twenty-third  street  and 
Eighth  Avenue,  an  elegant  white  marble  building,  admi- 
rably suited  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  built. 

LYCEUM  THEATRE, 

On  West  Fourteenth  street,  a  few  doors  from  Sixth 
Avenue,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  theatres  in  the  city. 

THE  EGYPTIAN  MUSEUM 

Is  located  in  the  ISTew  York  Historical  Society  Building. 
It  contains  several  hundred  relics,  collected  with  great 
care  and  industry  by  the  learned  Dr.  Abbott,  during  a 
residence  of  twenty  years  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile. 
Here  are  to  be  seen  mummied  men  and  quadrupeds,  the 
slates  of  the  school-boys  in  Pharaoh's  time,  and  the  re- 
mains of  the  lamps  that  were  used  to  lighten  the  dark- 
ness of  Egypt.  Many  of  the  objects  here  are  three 
thousand  years  old, 

THE  NEW  YORK  STADT  THEATRE, 

In  the  Bowery,  nearly  opposite  the  Bowery  Theatre, 
is  a  German  Opera  House,  and  has  a  well -selected 
company. 


CLUBS  OF  NEW  YOEK. 


ARCADIAN  CLUB 

Has  very  pleasant  rooms  at  52  Union  Place. 

THE  BLOSSOM  CLUB 

Have  their  rooms  at  129  Fifth  Avenue. 

AMERICAN  JOCKEY  CLUB 

Headquarters  are  at  Madison  Avenue,  corner  East  27th 
Btreet. 

THE  UNION  CLUB, 

On  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  21st  street,  is  one  of  the 
most  splendid  structures  in  the  city.  It  measures 
about  50  feet  by  100,  is  built  in  superb  style  of  brown 
stone,  and  cost  about  $300,000. 

LOTUS  CLUB 

Is  pleasantly  located  at  2  Irving  Place,  and  gives  fre- 
quent receptions.  Its  members  are  mainly  Litterateurs, 
Actors,  and  Journalists. 

THE  (fENTURY  CLUB 

Have  their  rooms  at  109  East  15th  street. 

THE  TRAVELLER'S  CLUB 

Is  situated  at  124  Fifth  Avenue,  between  17th  and  18th 
streets. 

THE  MANHATTAN  CLUB 

Is  situated  at  96  Fifth  Avenue,  southwest  corner  of  15th 
street. 

THE  UNION  LEAGUE  CLUB 

Is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Madison  Avenue  and  26th 
street. 


HOTELS. 


New  York  is  justly  distinguished  for  the  number  and 
magnificence  of  its  hotels.  On  the  line  of  Broadway 
there  are  upwards  of  25  of  these  stately  and  capacious 
buildings.  In  other  parts  of  the  city  they  no  less 
abound,  although  less  costly  in  their  appointments.  It 
will  be  necessary  to  detail  the  more  important  of  these 
hotels  separately. 

Several  of  the  hotels  are  conducted  upon  the  Euro- 
pean plan — the  guests  hiring  their  rooms  with  or  with- 
out board. 


GILSEY  HOUSE, 

New  and  elegant  in  all  its  fittings,  is  situated  corner  of 
Twenty-ninth  street  and  Broadway. 


THE  WESTMINSTER  HOTEL 

Is  situated  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Irving  place  and 
Sixteenth  street,  and  is  well  arranged  for  families  and 
transient  visitors. 


THE  METROPOLITAN  HOTEL, 

Situated  on  Broadway,  corner  of  Prince  street,  is  built 
of  brown  stone,  and  is  six  stories  in  height.  The  cost 
of  this  building  and  ground  was  upwards  of  $800,000. 
It  is  furnished  throughout  in  the  most  splendid  and 


CITY   OF  NEW  YORK. 


7"> 


costly  style,  having  all  the  accommodations  and  con- 
veniences that  the  most  luxurious  taste  could  devise. 
The  entire  establishment  is  heated  by  steam,  and  has 
a  ventilating  process.  The  cost  of  the  interior  decora- 
tions and  furniture  has  been  estimated  at  about  $200,000 ; 
making  the  whole  investment  in  this  superb  establish- 
ment, one  million  of  dollars.  It  is  stated  that  the  water 
and  gas  pipes,  which  are  carried  throughout  all  the 
apartments  of  this  mammoth  hotel,  measure  *2  miles ; 
and  there  are  13,000  yards  of  carpeting  spread  over  its 
400  or  500  rooms,  which,  with  the  superb  drapery,  cost 
$40,000;  the  furniture,  $50,000;  the  mirrors  (including 
some  of  the  largest  ever  imported),  $18,000;  the  silver- 
ware, $14,000 — not  to  mention  other  items. 

THE  ST.  NICHOLAS, 

Occupying  about  300  feet  on  Broadway,  corner  of 
Spring  st.,  stands  a  monument  of  architectural  beauty, 
of  the  Corinthian  order  and  of  marble.  The  immense 
facade,  six  stories  high,  is  of  surpassing  elegance.  It 
was  erected  in  1854,  at  a  cost  of  over  a  million  of  dol- 
lars. Within  the  portico  of  the  main  entrance,  support- 
ed by  four  Corinthian  pillars  with  rich  capitals,  the 
spectator  looks  down  a  columned  vista  two  hundred 
feet  in  length  and  averaging  sixty  feet  in  width.  The 
upper  part  of  the  house,  reached  by  a  massive  staircase 
of  polished  oak,  is  divided  into  three  sections  commu- 
nicating by  corridors,  and  contains  six  hundred  rooms. 
On  the  second  and  third  floors  are  one  hundred  suites 
of  apartments.  The  three  largest  dining-rooms  com- 
fortably accommodate  six  hundred  guests.  The  pub- 
lic rooms  and  chambers  are  decorated  and  furnished 
in  the.  most  sumptuous  style,  while  the  immense  corri- 
dors are  carpeted  entire  with  the  richest  tapestry  fab- 
rics, rendering  the  step  inaudible,  and  lighted  by  mag- 
nificent chandeliers  and  candelabras  placed  at  short  in- 
tervals throughout  their  whole  extent.  The  fourth, 
fifth,  and  sixth  floors  are  devoted  to  private  parlors, 
nhambers,  and  single  rooms.    The  original  disburse- 


7(5 


1J0TB1H. 


ment  for  mirrors  amounted  to  $40,000,  and  the  service 
of  silver  ware  and  Sheffield  plate  cost  $50,000.  What- 
ever ornament  wealth  could  purchase  or  skill  produce 
has  been  lavished  upon  this  palatial  structure,  in  which 
one  thousand  guests  may  enjoy  all  of  the  comforts  and 
luxuries  of  life. 

From  the  telegraph  office  in  the  bar-room,  messages 
may  be  transmitted  to  almost  any  part  of  the  Union. 
More  than  three  hundred  waiters  are  in  attendance. 
The  hotel  is  lighted  by  gas.  The  daily  expenses  of  the 
St.  Nicholas  are  $1,500.  As  a  security  against  fire  the 
entire  establishment  can  be  deluged  with  water  in  five 
minutes. 

ST.  CLOUD  HOTEL 

Occupies  the  corner  of  Forty-Second  Street  and  Broad- 
way. The  hotel  is  so  named  after  the  celebrated  summer 
palace  of  the  French  Emperor.  It  is  built  of  face  brick, 
trimmed  with  sandstone,  after  the  French  method.  The 
spacious  and  highly  ornamented  entrance  hall  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  country. 

The  St.  Cloud  is  a  building  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
rooms,  capable  of  accommodating  four  hundred  guests 
with  every  comfort.  The  hotel  has  all  the  modern  im- 
provements, including  a  steam  elevator,  &c.  The  loca- 
tion of  this  hotel  is  unsurpassed,  being  within  three 
blocks  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  and  having  unsur- 
passed facilities  for  families  or  transient  guests. 

The  entire  building  has  been  recently  renovated,  new 
and  elegant  carpets  and  furniture  added,  and  all  appoint- 
ments made  in  keeping  with  the  establishment,  which  is 
first  class. 

COLEMAN  HOUSE, 

West  side  of  Broadway,  occupying  the  block  between 
27th  and  28th  Streets,  is  admirably  conducted,  on  the 
European  system,  by  Mr.  Jas.  A.  Jewell.  Its  location 
is  alike  fashionable,  central  and  convenient.  It  is  largely 
patronized  by  the  best  New  York  families ;  is  a  favorite 
resort  for  Southern  people  ;  and  is  well  and  favorably 
known  to  the  traveling  public  generally. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


77 


STURTEVANT  HOUSE, 

Situated  on  the  south-east  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Twenty-ninth  Street,  is  most  conveniently  situated  on 
the  line  of  up-town  business,  and  near  the  most  fash- 
ionable places  of  amusement.  It,  occupies  the  block 
between  Twenty-eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  Streets, 
running  back  185  feet  on  the  latter  street,  and  is  six 
stories  in  height.  Every  room  has  gas,  water,  and  an 
electric  bell  in  it,  and  a  splendid  elevator  conveys 
guests  to  the  various  floors.  It  is  kept  on  the  American 
plan  by  Messrs.  Lewis  and  George  S.  Leland,  veterans 
in  the  business,  and  is  but  one  of  many  splendid  hotels 
throughout  the  country  controlled  by  "  The  Lelands," 
whose  name  everywhere  is  the  synonym  of  good  living. 

GRAMERCY  PARK  HOUSE, 
Is  another  first-class  edifice,  of  colossal  proportions, 
between  20th  and  21st  streets,  facing  the  delightful 
shrubbery  of  a  beautiful  inclosure  called  Gramercy 
Park,  from  whence  the  house  derives  its  name.  This 
is  one  of  the  largest  hotels  in  the  city,  built  of  substan- 
tial brown  stone,  and  in  one  of  the  most  aristocratic 
localities  of  Gotham.  In  its  internal  arrangements  it  is 
unsurpassed,  and  contains  spacious  accommodations  for  * 
six  to  eight  hundred  guests.  Those  who  may  be  so 
fortunate  as  to  select  this  hotel  during  their  residence 
in  the  city,  will  find  its  kind  and  courteous  proprietors, 
Messrs.  Judson  &  Ely,  ever  ready  to  contribute  to  their 
comfort  and  enjoyment. 

HOFFMAN  HOUSE, 
Is  another  elegant  establishment  on  the  corner  of 
Broadway  and  25th  street,  and  opposite  Madison 
Square.  This  hotel  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the 
city,  and  none  who  visit  New  York  should  fail  to  see 
it.  It  is  built  of  white  marble,  and  conducted  on  the 
European  plan.  It  has  a  capacity  for  about  350  guests, 
with  superior  accommodations,  and  is  extensively 
patronized  by  the  "Upper  Ten."    Its  situation  is  in  a 


78 


HOTELB. 


delightful  part  of  the  city,  and  is  a  central  location  for 
all  of  the  Eastern  and  Northern  railroads,  and  forms  a 
most  eligible  and  convenient  stopping-place  for  travel- 
lers, while  the  cool  and  delightful  square  opposite  forms 
an  attractive  feature  to  all. 

THE  GRAND  HOTEL, 

Corner  of  Broadway  and  31st  street.  By  a  glance  at 
the  city  map,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  central  locality  of 
this  large  and  pleasant  hotel  secures  ready  communica- 
tion, by  railroad  and  stage,  with  all  the  most  desirable 
parts  of  the  city — from  the  Battery  to  Central  Park. 
This  entire  establishment  has  lately  been  thoroughly 
renovated  throughout,  and  furnished  with  accommoda- 
tions that  cannot  fail  of  giving  satisfaction  to  the  most 
fastidious. 

THE  BELVIDERE  HOUSE, 

Occupies  the  northwest  corner  of  Irving  Place  and  Fif- 
teenth street,  opposite  the  Academy  of  Music  and  Irving 
Hall.  The  hotel  has  been  rebuilt  upon  the  most  im- 
proved European  plan,  and  contains,  on  a  large  scale,  all 
those  conveniences  for  the  comfort  of  families  and  the 
travelling  public,  for  which  the  Belvidere  House  has  been 
famous  for  a  number  of  years-.  The  Eestaurant  is  always 
supplied  with  delicacies  of  every  season. 

UNION  SQUARE  HOTEL, 
Corner  15th  street  and  Union  Square,  A.  J.  Dam,  pro- 
prietor. The  location  of  this  house  is  one  of  the  most 
pleasant  in  the  city.  Fine  suites  of  rooms,  handsomely 
furnished,  for  the  accommodation  of  transient  as  well  as 
permanent  boarders.  This  house  is  kept  on  the  old  plan 
of  the  regular  table  d?  hote.  and  connected  with  it  is  a  first- 
class  restaurant. 

THE  WINDSOR  HOTEL 

Is  probably  the  most  luxurious  of  all  the  New  York 
hotels.  It  occupies  the  block  on  Fifth  Avenue,  extend- 
ing from  46th  to  47th  streets,  and  is  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  Central  Park.  It  is  built  of  pressed  brick, 
with  dark  stone  trimmings,  presents  a  very  handsome 
appearance,  and  is  furnished  throughout  in  the  most 
elaborate  manner. 


OITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


79 


ST.  DENIS  HOTEL. 

Opposite  Grace  Church,  and  only  three  blocks  below 
Union  Square  and  the  Academy  of  Music,  is  the  St. 
Denis  Hotel.  It  is  architecturally  one  of  the  hand- 
somest buildings  on  Broadway,  occupying  seventy-six 
feet  on  that  thoroughfare,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty 
on  Eleventh  street.  Besides  parlors,  reception-rooms, 
and  reading-rooms,  the  St.  Denis  contains  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  well  lighted  and  ventilated  apartments. 
The  hotel  is  kept  on  the  European  plan.  The  restaurant 
is,  without  exception,  the  finest  in  the  city,  and  is  under 
the  charge  of  Mr.  William  Taylor,  late  of  555  Broadway, 
where  he  was  favorably  known,  and  Mr.  Gibson,  of 
hotel  celebrity. 

THE  EVERETT  HOUSE, 

Located  on  the  north  side  of  Union  Square  and  Seven- 
teenth street,  from  its  position  is,  like  the  Clarendon,  a 
convenient  and  delightful  place  for  visitors,  being  not 
only  in  the  fashionable  part  of  the  city,  but  also  con 
tiguous  to  the  cars,  stages,  &c. 

GRAND  CENTRAL  HOTEL. 

In  Broadway,  facing  Bond  street,  is  a  magnificent 
structure,  with  a  frontage  of  150  feet  and  depth  of  200 
feet,  eight  stories  high,  and  built  of  marble.  It  was 
formerly  the  u  Southern  Hotel/'  but  has  been  greatly 
enlarged  and  improved,  having  six  hundred  rooms,  cap- 
able of  accommodating  fifteen  hundred  people. 

THE  NEW  YORK  HOTEL, 

Broadway,  extending  from  Washington  to  Waverley 
Place,  is  another  large  and  fashionable  house,  and  ad- 
mirable in  all  its  departments. 


THE  BREVOORT  HOUSE, 

On  the  Fifth  Avenue,  corner  of  Eighth  street,  is  a  no- 


80 


HOTELS. 


ble  and  spacious  Hotel,  fitted  up  in  elegant  style,  and 
being  on  the  great  avenue  of  fashion,  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  beau  monde. 

THE  FIFTH  AVENUE  HOTEL, 

Darling,  Griswold  &  Co.,  proprietors,  is  an  object  of 
special  note.  In  addition  to  its  beautiful  site — being 
opposite  to  the  shrubbery  of  Madison  Square — it 
stretches  its  fagades  of  white  marble  down  Twenty- 
third  and  Twenty-fourth  streets,  both  equally  known 
as  among  the  most  aristocratic  of  our  thoroughfares. 
In  its  internal  arrangements,  it  is  unsurpassed — fur- 
nishing entire  accommodation  for  eight  hundred 
guests,  and  containing  more  than  one  hundred  suites 
of  apartments,  each  combining  the  conveniences  and 
luxury  of  parlor,  chamber,  dressing,  and  bathing 
rooms.  All  the  rooms,  besides  being  well  lighted  and 
ventilated,  will  have  means  of  access  by  a  perpendicu- 
lar railway — intersecting  each  story — in  addition  to  the 
broad  and  capacious  corridors  and  stairways,  indepen- 
dent of  the  ordinarv  and  usual  approaches  from  floor 
to  floor. 

As  to  location,  this  hotel  is  much  nearer  the  termini 
of  the  Eastern  and  Northern  Railroads  than  others  fur- 
ther down  town,  and  from  the  evidence  of  the  march 
of  improvement,  it  must  continue  to  be  the  centre  of 
civilization  for  many  years  to  come.  It  will  be  the 
most  eligible  for  Southerners,  not  only  as  a  transient 
stopping-place  en  route,  but  as  a  delightful  home  during 
those  periods  devoted  to  summer  recreation. 

THE  ALBEMARLE, 

Another  very  elegant  hotel,  is  situated  at  the  corner  o 
Broadway  and  24th  street. 


CITY  OF  NKW  YORK. 


81 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  NEW  YORK. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  about  300  churches  in 
New  York;  many  of  them  being  of  great  elegance. 
We  annex  brief  notices  of  the  more  prominent  and 
noteworthy. 

TRINITY  CHURCH. 

Fronting  Wall  street,  with  its  portals  invitingly  open 
every  day  in  the  year,  stands  Trinity  Church,  a  beauti- 
ful temple  of  worship,  in  strange  contiguity  with  the 
busy  marts  where  u  merchants  most  do  congregate." 
It  is  the  third  edifice  of  the  kind  erected  upon  the  spot, 
the  first  having  been  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  ot 
1776.  This  fine  gothic  structure  was  completed  in 
184G,  having  been  seven  years  in  building,  under  the 
careful  superintendence  of  Mr.  Upjohn,  the  architect. 
The  church  is  192  feet  in  length,  80  in  breadth,  and  60 
in  height.  The  interior  will  richly  repay  examination. 
Among  many  relics  there  carefully  preserved,  is  an 
elaborate  chancel  service  of  silver,  presented  to  the 
corporation  by  Queen  Anne. 

The  steeple  towers  up  284  feet  in  height;  the  walls 
of  the  church  are  nearly  50  feet  high,  and  the  whole 
edifice,  both  as  to  its  exterior  and  interior,  is  regard- 
ed by  most  persons  as  the  most  elegant  and  cathedral- 
like of  the  churches  of  the  city.  Do  not  forget  to  as- 
cend the  steeple  to  get  a  panoramic  view  of  the  city. 

The  grave-yard  of  Old  Trinity  occupies  nearly  an 
entire  block.  Within  it  are  the  venerated  tombs  of 
Alexander  Hamilton,'  the  statesman  and  friend  of 
Washington  ;  the  heroic  commander  Lawrence,  and 
many  other  illustrious  public  men. 


82 


CHURCHES. 


Adjoining  Trinity  buildings,  and  a  lew  feet  from 
Broadway,  stands  the  monumental  tribute  of  the  Cor- 
poration of  Trinity  Church  to  the  honored  "  Sugar 
House  Martyrs."  Of  finely  cut  and  ornamented  brown 
stone,  it  presents  a  graceful  appearance,  while  it  at- 
tracts the  especial  interest  of  every  American  patriot 
from  the  fact,  that  the  ground  immediately  under  and 
around  it,  is  rich  with  the  ashes  of  our  Kevolutionary 
fathers. 

ST.  PAUL'S  CHAPEL, 

The  third  Episcopal  church  established  in  the  city,  was 
erected  in  1766.  It  stands  between  Fulton  and  Vesey 
streets,  opposite  the  N.  Y.  Herald.  The  length  ol 
the  edifice  is  151  feet,  and  the  width  73  feet.  The 
steeple  is  203  feet  high. 

On  the  front,  in  a  niche  of  red  sandstone,  in  the 
centre  of  a  large  pediment  supported  by  four  Ionic 
columns,  is  a  white  marble  statue  of  St.  Paul,  leaning 
on  a  sword.  Also  in  the  front  part  of  the  niche  there  is 
inserted  a  slab  of  white  marble,  bearing  an  inscription 
to  the  memory  of  General  Montgomery,  who  fell  at 
Quebec  during  the  Revolution,  and  whose  remains  were 
removed  to  New  York  by  order  of  the  State  in  1818. 
At  the  lower  side  of  the  church,  facing  Broadway, 
is  an  obelisk  of  white  marble,  erected  in  honor  of 
Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  the  Irish  patriot  and  barrister, 
who  died  here  in  1827.  The  inscriptions  are  in  Latin, 
Irish,  and  English. 

ST.  JOHN'S  CHAPEL 

(Episcopal).  This  is  one  of  the  associate  churches 
of  the  Trinity  Corporation.  It  is  located  opposite 
the  Hudson  River  R.  R.  Freight  Depot.  It  is  not 
modern  in  style,  but  yet  a  very  noble  looking  edifice. 
It  is  built  of  sandstone,  and  is  very  spacious,  measur- 
ing 132  feet  by  80.  It  has  a  deep  portico  in  front, 
formed  by  a  pediment  and  four  massive  columns. 


CITT  OF  Nff*  YORK. 


83 


In  all  the  ancient  ch  arches  of  New  York  city,  the 
plan  of  a  collegiate  charge  was  the  rule.  The  ancient 
Episcopal  church  of  the,  city  was  established  on  this 
basis.  Trinity  church  was  considered  the  parish 
church,  and  had  a  collegiate  charge ;  St.  George's,  St. 
John's,  and  St.  Paul's  were  called  w  Chapels."  St. 
George's  is  now  a  distinct  charge,  but  the  other  two 
are  still  collegiate. 

ST.  MARK'S  CHURCH 

(Episcopal),  situate  in  Stuyvesant  street,  to  the  east  of 
the  Bowery,  was  built  in  its  present  form  in  1826. 

The  steeple  is  lofty,  but  somewhat  venerable  in 
appearance,  which  is  indeed  the  character  of  the  en- 
tire structure.  The  church  is  venerable  also  on  account 
of  its  historic  associations ;  it  stands  on  what  was  the 
estate  of  Petrus  Stuyvesant,  the  last  of  the  Dutch 
governors,  and  his  remains  rest  in  a  vault  under  the 
church,  over  which,  on  the  east  side,  is  a  tablet  indi- 
cating the  fact.  Here  also  repose  the  mortal  remains 
of  the  English  governor,  Col.  Sloughter,  and  those  of 
the  American  governor,  Tompkins.  The  Rev.  J.  EL 
Rylance  is  the  present  minister. 

ST.  GEORGE'S  CHURCH 

(Episcopal).  This  spacious  and  elegant  structure,  the 
most  capacious  ecclesiastical  edifice  in  the  city,  is 
situated  in  East  Sixteenth  street,  opposite  Stuyvesant 
Square.  It  was  erected  in  1849,  and  for  architectural 
beauty  is  entitled  to  the  first  rank  among  the  religious 
edifices  of  New  York.  Its  imposing  exterior,  and  vast 
interior,  unsupported  by  any  visible  columns,  either  to 
roof  or  gallery,  impart  to  it  a  fine  effect.  Its  architecture 
is  of  the  Byzantine  order;  its  length  170  feet  by  94 
in  width.  Its  entire  cost  $250,000.  The  adjoining  rec- 
tory cost  $20,000,  and  the  chapel  $10,000.    the  ground 


84 


COT7ROHE8. 


upon  which  the  church  stands  was  given  by  the  late 
Peter  G.  Stuyvesant.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Tyng  is  Rector. 
The  interior  of  this  splendid  church  was  entirely  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  supposed  to  be  the  work  of  an  incen- 
diary, during  the  latter  part  of  1865,  entailing  a  very 
heavy  loss  on  the  society,  as  it  was  but  partially  insured. 
The  fine  towers  of  red  sandstone  were,  however,  left 
intact  and  uninjured,  as  were  also  the  massive  walls  of 
the  building.  The  interior  was  accordingly  rebuilt,  and 
the  edifice  now  surpasses,  in  its  internal  appointments, 
even  its  former  elegance. 

TRINITY  CHAPEL 

(Episcopal),  situated  on  Twenty-fifth  street,  near  Broad 
way,  and  extending  from  Twenty-fifth  to  Twenty-sixth 
street,  is  a  spacious  and  elegant  edifice,  erected  by  the 
Trinity  Church  Corporation,  and  cost  $260,000.  The 
length  of  the  building  is  180  feet;  width,  54  feet.  The 
inside  walls  are  of  Caen  stone;  the  windows  are  ot 
richly  stained  glass,  and  the  ceiling  painted  blue,  with 
gilt  ornaments.  The  floors  are  tiled  ;  and  the  seats  are 
movable  benches,  as  in  the  cathedrals  of  the  Continent. 

GBACE  CHURCH 

(Episcopal).  This  superb  edifice,  the  most,  ornate  of 
the  ecclesiastical  buildings  of  New  York,  is  located  in 
Broadway,  near  Tenth  street,  and  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  great  avenue  of  the  city,  north  and  south. 
The  lofty  spiral  and  richly  decorated  steeple  is  an  object 
of  universal  admiration.  There  is  one  large  and  two 
less  sized  doors  in  front.  Over  the  main  entrance  is  a 
circular  window  of  stained  glass,  and  two  tall,  oblong 
windows  in  each  side  of  the  upper  section  of  the  tower. 
Within  is  a  grand  array  of  pillars,  carved  work,  and 
upwards  of  forty  windows  of  stained  glass,  each  giving 
different  hues  of  vision.  There  is  a  little  too  much  of 
theatrical  glitter  in  the  interior,  to  comport  with  the 
chastened  solemnities  of  religious  worship.    It  was 


First  Presbyterian  Church,  5th  Avenue. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


85 


built  in  1845.  Mr.  Renwick  was  the  aichitect.  The 
cost  of  the  building  was  $145,000.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Pot- 
ter is  the  present  rector. 

THE  FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH, 

Corner  of  Broome  and  Elizabeth  streets,  was  erected 
in  1841.  It  measures  99  by  75  feet,  and  70  in  height, 
is  of  the  Gothic  order,  built  of  rough  stone,  with  the 
lintels,  cornices,  and  battlements  of  brown  sandstone. 
It  was  constructed  during  the  pastorate  of  the  late  Dr. 
Spencer  H.  Cone. 

CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  TRINITY 

(Episcopal),  corner  of  Madison  Avenue  and  42d  street, 
was  erected  in  1874.  It  is  constructed  of  imported 
brick  of  various  colors  in  mosaic  decoration,  and  of 
sandstone  of  three  different  tints,  comprising  the  New 
Brunswick,  the  Ohio,  and  the  Oswego  stones.  A  tower 
with  two  belfries — the  upper  one  open  for  the  chimes — 
stands  on  the  southeastern  end  of  the  front.  This 
tower  is  34  feet  wide  and  30  feet  deep,  and  measures 
190  feet  to  the  steeple.  ,  The  style  is  the  Continental 
Gothic  of  the  thirteenth  century,  yet  the  whole  design 
is  treated  with  such  freedom,  and  the  masses  are  so 
distributed  as  to  make  the  construction  exceedingly 
original.    Rev.  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  Jr.,  is  the  Rector. 

THE  DUTCH  REFORMED  CHURCH, 

Situate  on  the  east  side  of  Washington  Square,  was 
erected  in  1840,  of  rough  granite.  It  is  in  the  Gothic 
style,  with  a  large  centre  window,  and  two  towers. 
Its  interior  is  very  finished  and  effective,  especially  the 
ornamental  carved  work  of  the  organ,  pulpit,  &c.  The 
entire  cost  of  the  edifice  was  $125,000.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Button  has  long  been  the  minister. 

ST.  PATRICK'S  CATHEDRAL 

(Roman  Catholic),  on  the  corner  of  Prince  and  Mott 
streets,  was  erected  in  1815.    This  building,  although 


80 


CHUROnES. 


not  of  much  architectural  beauty,  is  very  spacious,  it 
being  nearly  160  feet  in  length  by  80  in  width.  The 
rear  of  the  church  is  ornamented  with  Gothic  windows. 
The  interior  presents  an  imposing  effect,  the  ceiling  be- 
ing very  lofty,  from  which  spring  large  pillars,  on 
which  are  lamps  pendant.  It  will  accommodate  2000 
persons. 

CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  REDEEMER, 

A  new  German  Catholic  Church,  on  Third  street,  near 
Avenue  A,  is  a  very  costly  and  elegant  structure.  The 
spire  is  265  feet  high,  and  the  edifice  is  of  the  Byzan- 
tine order.  It  is  a  most  ornamental  church,  as  to  its 
interior,  having  richly  stained  windows,  broad  aisles, 
marble  columns,  lofty  roof,  richly  decorated,  and  a  mag- 
nificent altar,  with  confessionals,  &c.  It  is  estimated 
at  over  $100,000. 

FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

On  the  Fifth  Avenue,  between  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
streets,  is  a  fine  stone  building,  measuring  119  feet  by 
80;  the  height  of  the  tower  being  160  feet.  It  cost 
$75,000. 

THE  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH, 

Corner  of  Thirty-fourth  street  and  Sixth  Avenue,  is  a 
new  and  beautiful  edifice,  very  spacious  and  imposing 
in  its  aspect.  Its  style  is  Gothic,  and  the  interior  deco- 
rations are  in  excellent  keeping.  The  organ-screen 
and  pulpit  present  exquisite  specimens  of  carved  work. 
The  Rev.  W.  M.  Taylor  is  the  minister. 

THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

On  Madison  Avenue,  facing  the  Square,  is  another 
brown  stone  church,  exceedingly  neat  in  style.  Rev. 
W.  J.  Tucker  is  the  minister. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


87 


THE  BRICK  CHURCH 

(Presbyterian),  situate  on  the  corner  of  Thirty-seventh 
street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  is  a  spacious  brick  edifice, 
with  lofty  spire.    Rev.  J;  O.  Murray  is  the  minister. 


ST.  PAUL'S  M.  E.  CHURCH, 

On  Fourth  Avenue,  corner  of  Twenty-second  street,  is 
a  new  magnificent  edifice,  built  of  marble,  in  the  Ro- 
manesque style.  Its  entire  length  is  146  feet,  by  77, 
the  height  of  the  spire  is  210  feet.  The  cost  of  the 
church,  parsonage,  &c,  is  estimated  at  $130,000. 


CHURCH  OF  THE  MESSIAH 

(Unitarian),  of  which  the  Rev.  William  R.  Alger  is 
minister,  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  34th  street  and 
Park  Avenue. 


THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 

On  the  junction  of  Tenth  street  and  University  Place, 
is  a  neat  stone  edifice,  measuring  116  feet  by  65,  exclu- 
sive of  a  lecture-room  in  the  rear,  72  feet  by  25.  There 
is  a  fine  Gothic  window  over  the  principal  entrance. 
The  tower  is  184  feet  in  height.  The  cost  of  this 
church  was  $56,000.    Rev.  R.  R.  Booth  is  the  minister. 


THE  FOURTH  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH. 

This  is  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chapin's.  Situated  on  the  coruer 
of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-fifth  street.  The  main  build- 
ing is  80  feet  by  100.  Gothic  style.  It  has  a  frontage, 
including  the  towers,  of  95  feet,  and  the  towers  are  185 
feet  high.  The  height  of  the  main  building  is  90  feet. 
The  basement  for  Sunday-school,  lecture-room,  etc.,  ex- 
tends over  the  entire  church,  and  is  11  feet  in  height. 
The  entire  cost  of  the  church  and  ground  is  estimated 
at  $170,000. 


88 


CHURCHES. 


CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  COMMUNION 

(Episcopal),  on  the  corner  of  Twentieth  street  and  Sixth 
Avenue,  is  a  singular-looking  building  of  brown  stone, 
in  the  form  of  a  cross.  Its  extreme  length  is  104  feet, 
by  66  in  width.  The  turret  on  the  south  corner  is  70 
feet  in  height.  The  interior  is  novel  and  imposing, 
although  divested  of  ornament.  It  is,  strictly  speak- 
ing, the  only  free  Episcopal  Church  of  its  class,  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  city.  Strangers  can  enter  the  church 
with  perfect  freedom,  and  seat  themselves  in  any  part 
of  it.  There  is  a  great  want  of  other  accommodations 
of  this  class.  Will  not  some  one  of  our  wealthy  citi- 
zens (while  living  we  should  prefer)  endow  another 
truly  Free  Episcopal  Church  like  this?  It  would  be 
an  enduring  monument  of  Christian  liberality  to  such 
a  spirit.    Rev.  Dr.  Lawrence  is  the  rector. 

FIFTH  AVENUE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

Is  situated  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-fifth 
street,  and  in  point  of  beauty  and  grandeur  is  unsur- 
passed by  any  church  edifice  in  this  city.  It  is  con- 
structed of  New  Jersey  stone,  has  four  immense 
towers,  the  principal  one  of  which,  with  its  spire,  rises 
to  a  height  of  300  feet,  and  is  the  highest  in  the  coun- 
try. The  style  of  the  exterior  is  early  English,  the 
interior  having  a  more  modern  appearance.  The  audi- 
torium affords  a  seating  accommodation  for  2,000  peo- 
ple, and  its  acoustic  properties  are  said  to  be  the  most 
perfect.  Particular  attention  wTas  also  given  to  its 
proper  ventilation ;  one  of  the  towers,  being  hollow 
from  top  to  bottom,  forms  an  air-shaft  down  which 
the  air  is  drawn  by  a  fan  in  the  cellar,  worked  by  a 
steam-engine  of  nominally  two-horse  power.  The 
pews,  gallery  fronts,  and  all  the  interior  wood-work  is 
made  of  polished  ash.  Rev.  Dr.  John  Hall  is  the  min- 
ister. 


CITY  OF  HEW  YORK. 


89 


JEWISH  TEMPLE, 

Corner  Fifth  avenue  and  Forty-third  street 

CALVARY  CHURCH 

(Episcopal),  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  21st 
street,  was  erected  in  1847,  at  the  cost  of  $80,000.  It 
presents  a  picturesque  appearance,  being  built  of  brown 
stone.  The  interior  is  very  spacious  and  cathedral-like. 
Adjoining  the  church  is  the  rectory,  also  in  the  Gothic 
style. 

THE  NEW  ST.  PATRICK'S  CATHEDRAL, 

On  the  Fifth  Avenue  and  50th  street,  now  in  process 
of  erection,  will,  when  finished,  become  the  crowning 
architectural  ornament  of  the  city. 

CHURCH  OF  ALL  SOULS 

(Unitarian),  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  20th  street, 
is  an  eccentric  and  remarkable  edifice,  being  built  in 
the  style  of  the  Italian  churches  of  the  middle  ages,  of 
brick  and  delicate  cream-colored  stone  in  alternate 
courses.  Adjoining  the  church,  on  20th  street,  is  the 
parsonage.  Included  in  the  design  is  to  be  a  spire,  or 
campanile,  300  feet  high.  The  Eev.  Dr.  Bellows  is  the 
minister. 

THE  TABERNACLE  CHURCH 

(Baptist),  in  Second  Avenue,  near  10th  street,  adjoin- 
ing the  Historical  Society's  building,  is  another  Gothio 
edifice  of  much  beauty  and  architectural  attraction. 


90 


NOTABLE  STORES,  ETC. 


NOTABLE  STOKES,  ETC. 

The  stores  of  New  York,  being  celebrated  alike  for 
the  beauty  of  their  architecture  and  variety  of  their  stock, 
claim  our  special  notice.  Starting  from  John  street, 
passing  up  Broadway,  we  come  upon  St.  Paul's  Church, 
opposite  to  which  is  the  new  and  handsome  marble 
building  of  the  Park  National  Bank,  universally  ac- 
knowledged to  be  the  most  splendid  structure  for  a  bank- 
ing-house in  the  United  States.  Adjoining  this  is  the 
New  York  Herald  building,  also  of  white  marble,  and 
which  outvies  every  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the 
country. 

A  little  further  on  stands  the  far-famed  Astor  House. 

On  the  corner  of  Park  Place  and  Broadway  is  a  beau- 
tiful brown-stone  building  occupied  by  the  Broadway 
National  Bank. 

Next  in  order  we  come  to  Stewart's  marble  palace,  at 
the  corner  of  Chambers  street,  covering  a  space  of  152 
feet  on  Broadway,  and  100  feet  deep  on  the  side  streets. 

On  the  site  of  the  old  Broadway  Theatre,  Judge 
Whiting  has  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $200,000,  a  marble 
building,  with  75  feet  front  on  Broadway  by  175  feet 
deep. 

At  No.  340  Broadway  is  the  ancient  site  of  the  famous 
Broadway  Tabernacle,  once  known  throughout  the 
whole  land  as  the  great  rendezvous  of  the  various  reli- 
gious and  benevolent  institutions  during  the  May  Anni- 
versaries. The  frontage  on  Broadway  is  30  feet,  and  the 
depth  200  feet,  with  an  extension  on  Worth,  street  and 
Catharine  Lane  of  100  feet  square. 

On  the  corner  of  Worth  and  Church  streets,  occupy- 
ing the  whole  block,  is  the  massive  stone  building  of 
Messrs.  H.  B.  Claflin&  Co. 


NOTABLE  STORES,  ETC. 


91 


At  the  corner  of  Leonard  street  and  Broadway  stands 
the  noble  edifice  erected  and  occupied  by  the  New  York 
Life  Insurance  Company.  This  is  the  most  magnificent 
structure  devoted  to  Life  Insurance  in  the  country. 

Continuing  up  Broadway,  we  come  to  the  magnificent 
brown-stone  building  formerly  occupied  by  the  Mer- 
chants* Union  Express  Co. 

On  the  corner  of  White  street  and  Broadway  stands 
one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  architecture  of  which  our 
city  can  boast.  The  building  is  of  white  marble,  and  is 
owned  by  Mr.  Astor. 

The  attention  is  next  arrested  by  the  elegance  of  a 
building  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Grand  street  It 
has  a  front  of  100  feet  on  Broadway,  and  125  feet  on 
Grand  street.  The  whole  structure  is  of  highly  orna- 
mented white  marble,  lately  occupied  by  Messrs.  Lord 
&  Taylor  as  a  dry-goods  store  On  the  lower  corner, 
Messrs.  Devlin  &  Co.,  the  clothiers,  have  their  store, 
whilst  on  the  opposite  corner  Messrs.  Cochran,  McLean 
&  Co.  occupy  a  fine  brown-stone  building. 

On  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Broome  street  is  a 
handsome  iron  building,  while  opposite  is  another  iron 
building,  in  the  Gothic  style,  occupied  by  Johnson 
Brothers  &  Co.  Just  beyond  is  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel, 
a  white  marble  structure,  reaching  to  the  corner  of 
Spring  street. 

On  the  opposite  corner  is  the  Prescott  House.  Ad- 
joining this  is  a  very  extensive  and  beautiful  iron  build- 
ing, occupied  by  W.  A.  Ransom  &  Co.  Just  above,  on 
the  opposite  side,  is  a  handsome  white  marble  building, 
occupied  by  the  Meriden  Britannia  Company. 

Messrs.  Ball,  Black  &  Co.,  have  a  beautiful  white 
marble  building  on  the  corner  of  Prince  street  and 
Broadway. 

Next  in  view  is  the  Metropolitan  Hotel.  Opposite 
the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  Messrs.  E.  &  H.  T.  Anthony 
&  Co.,  dealers  and  importers  of  Artists'  Materials, 
Stereoscopes,  etc.,  have  their  extensive  establish- 
ment. 


92 


NOTABLE  STORES,  ETC. 


We  have  now  reached  the  corner  of  Bleecker  street, 
just  above  which  is  the  white  marble  building-  known 
as  Miller's  Book  Store,  where  may  be  found,  in  addition 
to  a  large  and  well-selected  stock  of  English  and  Ameri- 
can books,  every  thing  in  the  stationery  line.  James 
Miller  makes  a  specialty  of  fancy  and  commercial  sta- 
tionery. 647  is  famous  for  its  beautiful  designs  for 
monograms,  as  well  as  for  wedding  gifts. 

The  next  building  which  claims  our  attention  is  the 
elegant  clothing  establishment  of  Brooks  Brothers, 
corner  of  Broadwav  and  Bond  street.  It  is  conceded  to 
be  one  of  the  handsomest  stores  on  Broadway. 

We  now  pass  to  Astor  Place,  where  is  situated  the 
Mercantile  Library  and  the  Book  Trade  Sales  Rooms 
of  George  A.  Leavitt  &  Co.  At  the  junction  of  Astor 
Place  and  Fourth  Avenue  is  the  Cooper  Union,  also  the 
Bible  House. 

Returning  to  Broadway,  the  next  object  that  strikes 
our  attention  is  Stewart's  magnificent  retail  store  on  the 
comer  of  10th  street,  and  on  the  opposite  corner  stands 
Grace  Church.  • 

Continuing  our  walk,  we  reach  Union  Square,  at  the 
junction  of  which  with  Fourth  avenue  stands  Brown's 
Statue  of  Washington.  It  is  a  bronze  equestrian  fig- 
ure, placed  upon  a  plain  granite  pedestal.  The  statue 
is  fourteen  and  a  half  feet,  and  the  whole,  including  the 
pedestal,  is  twenty-nine  feet  high.  It  occupied  the  artist 
four  years  in  its  construction,  and  cost  over  $30,000. 
The  statue  is  universally  admired.  The  artist  has,  in  a 
masterly  manner,  overcome  the  almost  insurmountable 
difficulty  of  all  equestrian  statues,  inasmuch  as  he  has 
succeeded  in  making  the  interest  of  the  horse  subordi- 
nate to  that  of  the  rider.  The  majestic  presence  of 
Washington  is  the  object  f/rst  to  catch  and  fix  the  be- 
holder's gaze.  The  true  proportions  and  fine  attitude 
of  the  animal  but  enter  into  and  complete  the  inspiring 
effect  of  the  perfect  statue. 

Directly  lacing  that  of  Washington,  is  a  statue  ot 
"Abraham  Lincoln,"  which  is  of  itself  an  attraction 
to  the  Square.  In  the  rear  of  this  statue  we  next  be- 
hold the  magnificent  salesrooms  of  the  celebrated 
Wheeler  and  Wilson  Sewing-Machine  Company. 


44  14th  Street,  Union  Square. 


POST  OFFICE. 


93 


GENERAL  POST  OFFICE. 

Southern  end  of  City  Hall  Park. 

Office  Hours. — Open  continuously,  except  Sundays. 
On  {Sundays  from  9  to  11  A.  M. 

TJ.  S.  Mail  Stations. — Open  from  6.30  A.  m.  to  8  P.  M., 
and  on  Sunday  from  8  to  10  A.  M. 


A,  100  Spring  street, 

B,  382  Grand  street, 

C,  583  Hudson  street, 

D,  4  Cooper  Institute, 

E,  465  Eighth  Avenue, 

F,  342  Third  Avenue, 

G,  935  Eighth  Avenue, 

H,  978  Third  Avenue, 


I,  West  73d  &  Boulevard, 
K,  171  E.  86th  street, 
L,  2237  Third  Avenue, 
M,  W.  152d  street  &  10th 

Avenue. 
O,  Manhattanville. 
R,  W.  110th  st,  &  Boule- 
vard. 


Bates  of  Postage. 

No  letter  will  be  sent  from  this  Office,  to  any  place 
within  the  United  States,  unless  the  postage  is  prepaid 
by  stamps. 

Stamps  and  stamped  envelopes  can  be  procured  at 
the  office  here,  and  also  at  all  the  above  named  stations. 

The  inland  postage  (which  must  be  prepaid)  upon 
single  letters,  is  three  cents  ;  double  letters  twice,  and 
treble  letters,  treble  these  rates. 

Every  letter  or  parcel  not  exceeding  half  an  ounce  in 
weight,  shall  be  deemed  a  single  letter,  and  every  addi- 
tional weight  of  half  an  ounce,  or  less,  shall  be  charged 
with  an  additional  single  postage,  prepaid  by  stamps. 

City  letters  must  be  prepaid  by  stamps  at  the  rate  of 
two  cents  for  each  half  ounce,  or  less,  and  two  cents 
for  each  additional  half  ounce,  whether  delivered  from 
the  office  or  by  the  carriers. 

Advertised  letters  are  charged  with  two  cents,  in  ad* 
dition  to  the  regular  postage. 


94 


BANKS. 


BATES  OF  POSTAGE  ON  NEWS- 
PAPEES. 


Daily  newspapers,  per  quarter,  35c. 

Six  times  a  week,  u   30 

Tri-  weekly,  "   15 

Semi- weekly,  u   10 

Weekly  newspapers,      "   10 

Transient  papers,  4  ounces,   2 

Monthly  magazines,  4  "    3 

Monthly  magazines,  8  "    6 

Books,  each,  4  "   4 


BANKS. 

The  more  prominent  banks  of  New  York  include, 
the  Bank  of  New  York,  corner  of  Wall  and  Wil- 
liam streets,  the  Bank  of  America,  the  Mechanics1 
Bank,  the  Merchants'  Bank,  the  Manhattan,  the  Bank 
of  Commerce,  Nassau  Bank,  &c.  The  Banks  of  New 
York  are  daily  becoming  more  important  in  an  archi- 
tectural point  of  view. 

The  American  Exchange  Bank,  128  Broadway,  corner 
of  Liberty  street,  is  a  splendid  building  of  Caen  stone. 

The  Bank  of  Commerce,  in  Nassau  street,  facing  the 
Post-Office,  is  one  of  the  finest  marble  edifices  in  the 
city.    Its  capital  is  ten  millions  of  dollars. 


CITY  OF  NEW  TOEZ. 


95 


Duncan,  Sherman  &  Co's  Banking  Rouse  is  built  of 
brown  stone,  and  stands  on  the  corner  of  Nassau  and 
Pine  streets ;  it  cost  $150,000.  Adjoining  this  is  another 
splendid  establishment, — The  Continental  Bank. 

The  Bank  of  the  Republic  is  situated  at  the  corner 
of  Broadway  and  Wall  street ;  it  is  a  noble  edifice,  built 
of  brown  stone ;  its  entire  cost  is  estimated  at  about 
$175,000.   its  capital  is  $2,000,000. 

The  Metropolitan  is  also  built  of  brown  stone,  and  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Pine  street  and  Broadway ; 
its  cost  is  stated  at  $160,000. 

The  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  15  Nassau  street,  is  a 
beautiful  brown  stone  structure  of  elegant  proportions. 

The  Bank  of  America  is  one  of  the  old  established 
banks,  situated  46  Wall  street.    Its  capital  is  $3,000,000. 

On  the  corner  of  Wall  and  William  streets,  is  another 
fine  edifice,  the  Bank  of  New  York;  recently  rebuilt 
with  brick  and  brown  stone  facings;  its  capital  is 
$2,000,000. 

The  Bank  of  North  America,  44  Wall  street,  has  a 
capital  of  $1,000,000. 

Broadway  Bank,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Park 
Place,  is  a  massive  brown-stone  building ;  its  cost  is 
stated  at  $127,000. 

The  Park  Bank,  214  and  216  Broadway,  is  a  recent 
establishment,  with  a  capital  of  $2,000,000 

The  Phenix  Bank,  45  Wall  street. 

The  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank,  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Chambers  street,  has. a  capital  of  $1,000,000. 

The  Union  Bank,  34  Wall  street,  has  a  capital  of 
$1,500,000. 

The  Importers  and  Traders  Bank,  245  Broadway,  ha? 
a  capital  of  $1,500,000. 

The  Pacific  Bank  has  erected  a  fine  marble  edifice  in 
Broadway,  adjoining  Cochran,  McLean  &  Company's 
building,  corner  of  Grand  street. 

The  Manhattan  Company,  40  Wall  street,  has  a  capi- 
tal of  $2,050,000. 

The  Clearing  House  is  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau 
streets. 


90 


SAYINGS  BANKS. 


For  a  general  list  of  the  City  Banks,  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  the  New  York  Directory. 


SAVINGS  BANKS. 

Among  the  excellent  institutions  of  New  York,  may 
be  mentioned  the  Savings  Banks.  The  principal  estab- 
lishments are  the  following : 

Bank  for  Savings,  67  Bleecker  street,  is  a  beautiful 
marble  edifice,  the  most  elegant  and  spacious  of  its 
class  in  the  city. 

Bowery  Savings  Bank,  130  Bowery,  is  a  splendid 
brown  stone  building — one  of  the  architectural  orna- 
ments of  this  portion  of  the  city.  We  refer  the  reader 
to  the  annexed  illustration  of  this  edifice. 

Broadway  Savings  Bank  is  on  the  corner  of  Park 
Place. 

East  River  Savings  Bank  is  situated  3  Chambers 
street. 

The  Irving,  96  Warren  street. 

The  Greenwich,  73  Sixth  Avenue. 

The  Emigrant  Industrial,  51  Chambers  street. 

The  Mechanics  and  Trader s\  283  Bowery. 

The  Manhattan,  644  Broadway. 

The  Dry  Dock,  341  East  Fourth  street. 

The  Merchants'  Clerks'  Savings  Bank,  20  Union  Square. 

Seamen's  Bank  for  Savings,  74  Wall. 

Sixpenny  Savings  Bank,  Clinton  Hall,  Astor  Place. 


Bowery  Savings  Bank. 


OITT  OF  NEW  YOEK. 


97 


PUBLIC  WORKS. 

THE  CEOTON  AQUEDUCT, 

By  which  the  city  is  supplied  with  puro  water,  is  on* 
of  the  most  gigantic  enterprises  of  the  kind  undertaken 
in  any  country.  The  distance  which  the  water  travels 
through  this  artificial  channel,  exclusive  of  the  grand 
reservoir,  is  about  forty  miles.  The  Dam  crosses  the 
Croton  River  six  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  the  whole 
distance  from  this  dam,  thirty -two  miles,  is  one  un- 
broken under-ground  canal,  formed  of  stone  and  brick. 
The  great  receiving  reservoir  is  on  York  Hill,  five  miles 
from  the  City  Hall ;  it  can  receive  a  depth  of  water  to 
the  extent  of  twenty  feet,  and  is  capable  of  containing 
150,000,000  gallons.  Two  miles  further  on  is  the  dis- 
tributing reservoir,  at  Murray  Hill.  This  reservoir  is 
of  solid  masonry,  built  in  the  Egyptian  style  of  archi- 
tecture, with  massive  buttresses,  hollow  granite  walls, 
&c.  On  the  top  of  the  walls  is  an  inclosed  promenade. 
It  is  three  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  cost  of  this 
immense  undertaking  was  over  thirteen  millions  of  dol- 
lars. 

During  the  past  years  the  works  have  been  thoroughly 
examined  and  repaired  from  the  Croton  Dam  to  the 
receiving  reservoir  at  an  immense  cost.  In  connec- 
tion with  this  a  typographical  survey  of  the  valley  of 
the  Croton  was  effected,  by  which  it  appears  that  the 
ridge  defining  the  waters  above  the  point  at  which  the 
Aqueduct  begins,  measures  101  miles.  Within  this  cir- 
cuit there  are  31  lakes  and  ponds ;  and  the  aggregate 
area  of  waters  including  the  tributaries  is  352  square 
miles;  which  is  equal  to  96,034  gallons  per  square  mile 
during  the  driest  season.  Yet  large  as  this  supply  may 
i  appear,  the  resources  of  the  Brooklyn  water- works  are 
nearly  six  times  as  great. 


OS 


PUBLIC  WORKS. 


Among  the  improvements  now  contemplated  in  these 
colossal  works  is  the  erection  of  still  another  immense 
reservoir  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  city,  provided 
with  a  high  column  (pumped  up  by  steam)  in  order  to 
increase  the  pressure  in  the  pipes  of  the  Division  where 
the  present  head  of  water  is  ineffective,  owing  to  the 
altitude  of  the  ground. 

The  immense  New  Eeservoir  cost  $2,250,000  when 
completed. 

The  New  Eeservoir  is  located  at  York  hill,  in  the 
Central  park,  between  Eighty-fifth  and  Ninety-seventh 
streets.  The  gate-houses,  which  are  to  cost  $193,513, 
are  to  be  built  in  the  outer  reservoir  bank,  and  at  the 
ends  of  the  central  bank  of  the  new  reservoir,  the 
aqueduct  will  extend  therefrom  to  about  50  feet  east  of 
the  existing  aqueduct,  near  the  Ninth  Avenue.  The 
south  gate-house  will  be  located  near  Eighty-sixth 
street;  83  feet  long,  40  feet  wide,  and  42  feet  above  the 
pavement  of  the  bays,  which  are  to  be  divided.  The 
masonry  will  be  very  massive,  and  supported  by  but- 
tresses four  feet  wide  and  sixteen  feet  high.  The  north 
gate-house  will  be  72  feet  by  40,  and  correspond  with 
the  other  so  far  a  relates  to  distribution  and  waste- 
pipes,  &c. 

At  the  distance  of  about  eight  miles  from  the  City 
Hall  is 

THE  HIGH  BRIDGE, 

The  most  important  structure  connected  with  the  Cro- 
ton  Aqueduct.  It  is  thrown  across  the  Harlem  valley 
and  river.  It  spans  the  whole  width  of  the  valley  and 
river  at  a  point  where  the  latter  is  620  feet  wide,  and 
the  former  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  Eight  arches,  each  with 
a  span  of  80  feet,  compose  this  structure ;  and  the  ele- 
vation of  the  archer  gives  100  feet  clear  of  the  river 
from  their  lower  side.  Besides  these,  there  are  several 
other  arches  rising  from  the  ground,  the  9pan  of  which 
is  somewhat  more  than  half  that  of  the  first  mentioned. 
The  material  employed  throughout  the  whole  of  this 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


90 


imposing  object  is  granite.  The  works  cost  $900,000. 
The  water  is  led  over  this  bridge,  which  is  1450  feet  in 
extent,  in  iron  pipes ;  and  over  all  is  a  pathway,  which, 
though  wide  enough  for  carriages,  is  available  to  pedes- 
trians only.  The  fare  by  a  carriage,  allowing  passen- 
gers to  remain  two  or  three  hours  at  the  bridge,  is  $5. 
It  can  be  reached  pleasantly  and  expeditiously  by  the 
Harlem  Railroad  (Depot  4th  Avenue  and  4.2d  street), 
or  in  summer  by  the  Third  Avenue  Railroad  and  steam- 
boat from  Harlem. 

SHIP-BUILDING  YARDS  AND  DBY  DOCKS. 

Of  the  numerous  works  in  and  around  New  York,  the 
stranger  must  not  fail  to  pay  a  visit  to  the  Ship-Build- 
ing Yards  and  Dry  Docks,  where  gigantic  steamers  may 
be  seen  in  every  stage  of  progress,  and  all  the  most 
approved  machinery  connected  with  ship-building  in 
active  operation. 

THE  MORGAN  IRON  WORKS, 

At  the  foot  of  East  Ninth  street,  are  of  themselves  a 
perfect  marvel,  and  here  the  stranger  may  spend  an 
hour  with  the  greatest  pleasure  and  profit  in  witness- 
ing all  the  wonders  of  the  steam-engine. 

THE  NAVAL  DRY  DOCK, 

A  stone  structure,  said  to  be  the  largest  of  the  kind  In 
the  world,  and  a  perfect  monument  of  engineering  skill, 
will  also  well  repay  the  trouble  of  a  visit.  The  dimen- 
sions of  this  gigantic  dock  are  400  feet  in  length  by  120 
in  breadth  at  their  base.  The  work  took  ten  years  in 
its  construction;  it  cost  $2,150,000. 

THE  SECTIONAL  DOCK, 

At  the  foot  of  Pike  street,  East  River,  is  an  object  well 
worth  visiting.  The  dock  is  constructed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  lifting  vessels,  by  means  of  tanks  filled  with 
water.  There  is  also  another  process  of  raising  a  ves 
6el,  by  means  of  pulleys,  worked  by  hydraulic  power. 


100 


SHIPS. — FOKTIFIOATION8. 


CLIPPER  SHIPS,  PACKETS,  ETC. 

The  docks  along  the  North  River,  from  the  Battery 
northward,  ami  also  especially  along  the  East  River, 
exhibit  a  complete  forest  of  masts  of  the  naval  architec- 
ture of  the  city.  Splendid  packet-ships,  clippers,  and 
steamboats,  of  all  descriptions  and  sizes,  hem  in  the 
margins  of  these  rivers.  On  the  North  River  may  be 
seen  the  stately  ocean-steamers.  These  also  are  objects 
of  interest  to  strangers,  and  they  may  inspect  the  ele- 
gant cabins  of  these  splendid  vessels  on  application. 


FORTS  AND  FORTIFICATIONS. 

The  national  defences  of  New  York  comprise  the 
following :  the  strong  fortifications  of  the  Narrows — on 
the  one  side,  Forts  Hamilton  and  La  Fayette,  the  latter 
having  three  tiers  of  guns,  &c. ;  on  the  other  side, 
Forts  Tompkins  and  Richmond,  situated  on  Staten 
Island  heights.  To  protect  the  inner  harbor,  there  are 
Forts  Columbus  and  Castle  William,  on  Governor's 
Island,  and  the  works  on  Bedlow's  and  Ellis'  Islands. 

Castle  William,  measuring  600  feet  in  circumference, 
and  60  feet  high,  is  a  circular  stone  battery,  with 
magazines,  &c. 

Fort  Columbus,  on  the  same  island,  connects  with  the 
former.  Here  are  barracks  and  a  corps  of  the  United 
States  troops. 

Governors  Island,  formerly  known  as  Nut  Island, 
from  its  formerly  being  covered  with  nut-trees,  was, 
in  colonial  times,  used  by  the  Englieh  governors  as 
pleasure-grounds.  The  several  fortifications  here,  may 
be  easily  seen,  by  taking  a  boat  from  Castle  Garden, 
foot  of  the  Battery.  There  are  other  fortifications  for 
the  defence  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and  also  towards 
Sandy  Hook. 


HOTELS— MARKETS. 


101 


PRINCIPAL  HOTELS 

The  Asior  House,  Broadway,  near  the  City  Hall  Park. 
The  Metropolitan,  Broadway,  corner  of  Prince  street. 
St.  Nicholas,  Broadway,  corner  of  Spring  street. 
Prescott  House,  Broadway,  corner  of  Spring  street. 
The  Everett  House,  north  side  of  Union  Square. 
Grand  Central  Hotel,  Broadway,  opposite  Bond  street. 
New  York  Hotel,  Broadway,  cor.  of  Washington  place. 
The  Clarendon,  cor.  Fourth  avenue  and  Eighteenth  street 
St.  Denis,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Eleventh  street. 
Gilsey  House,  Broadway  and  Twenty-ninth  street. 
Brewort  House,  Fifth  avenue  and  Clinton  place. 
St.  James,  Broadway  and  Twenty-sixth  street. 
Westmoreland  Hotel,  Fourth  avenue  and  Seventeenth  st. 
Coleman  House,  Broadway  and  near  Twenty-eighth  street 
Hoffman  House,  Broadway  and  Twenty-fifth  street. 
Grand  Hotel,  Broadway  and  Thirty-first  street. 
Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  Fifth  avenue  and  Twenty-third  street 
Windsor  Hotel,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-sixth  street. 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  are  numerous  other 
hotels  and  houses,  which  may  readily  be  ascertained. 


NEW  YOEK  MAKKETS. 

THE  FULTON  MARKET, 

Built  in  1821,  at  a  cost  of  $220,000,  is  located  on  a 
block  described  by  Fulton  street  on  the  south,  Beek- 
man  on  the  north,  Front  on  the  west,  and  South  street 
on  the  east. 

WASHINGTON  MARKET 

Is  on  the  western  side  of  the  city,  on  the  North  Rivert 
at  the  foot  of  Vesey  street  and  Washington  street 
This  market  receives  the  produce  from  the  West,  as  the 
Fulton  does  from  the  East  district. 


102 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


CATHARINE  MARKET 

Is  smaller  than  the  above,  occupying  a  square  between 
Cherry  and  South  streets,  East  River.    There  are  also 

ESSEX  MARKET, 

Grand  street,  extending  from  Ludlow  to  Essex  streets  ; 

MANHATTAN  MARKET, 

Situated  in  West  34th  street,  fronting  on  the  North 
River,  is  the  largest  and  handsomest  structure  devoted 
to  this  purpose  in  this  country,  if  not  in  the  world.  It  is 
an  enormous  edifice,  eight  hundred  feet  in  length,  and 
two  hundred  feet  in  width.  It  is  constructed  of  pressed 
brick,  iron  and  glass,  is  entirely  fire-proof,  and  has  every 
requisite  necessary  for  a  building  of  this  character. 

JEFFERSON  MARKET, 

Corner  of  Greenwich  and  Sixth  Avenues ; 

CLINTON  MARKET, 

Situate  at  the  foot  of  Canal  street,  between  the  North 
River  and  Washington  street;  and 

TOMPKINS  MARKET, 

Between  Sixth  and  Seventh  streets,  Third  Avenue. 

There  is  yet  another,  more  central,  and  on  a  larger 
scale,  known  as 

CENTRE  MARKET, 

In  Centre  street,  extending  from  Grand  to  Broome 
streets.  This  is  a  well-built  and  commodious  place, 
adapted  for  the  various  departments  of  a  public  market. 
The  building  is  substantial,  built  of  brick,  two  stories 
nigh ;  the  upper  portion  being  used  as  armories  and 
drill-rooms  by  military  companies,  &c. 


EUEOPEAN  STEAMSHIP  LINES. 


Anchor  Line. — New  York  to  Glasgow.  Henderson 
Bros.,  Agents,  7  Bowling  Green. 

Gunard  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool.  Chas.  G. 
Francklyn,  Agent,  4  Bowling  Green. 

Lnman  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool,  John  G.  Dale, 
Agent,  15  Broadway. 

White  Star  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool.  R.  J. 
Cortis,  Agent,  19  Broadway. 

National  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool  and  London. 
F.  W.  J.  Hurst,  Agent,  69  Broadway. 

State  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool.  Austin,  Bald- 
win &  Co.,  Agents,  72  Broadway. 

IT.  S.  Mail  Line. — New  York  to  Liverpool,  Williams 
&  Guion,  29  Broadway. 

Great  Western  Line. — New  York  to  Bristol,  W.  D. 
Morgan,  70  Soutli  street. 

North  German  Lloyd  Line. — New  York  to  Southamp- 
ton.   Oelrichs  &  Co.,  2  Bowling  Green. 

General  Transatlantic  Go.  New  York  to  Havre. 
Geo.  Mackenzie,  55  Broadway. 

Hamburg  American  Packet  Line. — New  York  to 
Hamburg.    Pdchard  &  Boas,  61  Broadway. 


STEAMBOATS. 


NORTH  RIVER. 

Albany,  etc.  (morning  boat),  Pier 
No.  39. 

Albany  (night  line),  Pier  No.  41. 
Troy  (night  line),  Pier  No.  34. 
Boston  and  Providence  (Prop.), 

Pier  No.  2T. 
Boston  (Fall  River  Line),  Pier  No. 

23. 

Boston  (Stonington  Line),  Pier  No. 
18. 

Boston  (Norwich  and  Wor.  Line), 

Pier  No.  39. 
Barrytown,  Bhinebeck  db  Tivoli, 

Pier  No.  37. 


Cattskill  and  Hudson,  Pier  No.  39. 
Coney  Island  and  Fort  Hamilton, 

Pier  No.  4. 
Coxsackie,  Bristol,  Cattskill,  etc., 

Pier  No.  37. 
Cozzen\%  Cornwall,  etc.,  Pier  No. 

39. 

Dobbs'  Ferry,  Tonkers,  etc.,  Pier 
No.  34. 

Elizabethport,  etc.,  Pier  No.  14. 
Fort  Lee,  Bull's  Ferry,  etc.,  Pier 
No.  51. 

Grassy  Point,  Cold  Spring,  etc., 

Pier  No.  39. 
Eastings,  Dobbs'  Ferry,  etc.,  Piei 

No.  34. 


104 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Hudson,  Pier  No.  37. 
Uaverstraw,  Yonkers,  etc..  Pier 
No.  34. 

Key  port  and  Middletown  Point, 

Pier  No.  36. 
Long  Branch,  Shrewsbury,  etc., 

Pier  No.  32. 
Mariner's  Harbor  and  Bergen 

Point,  Pier  No.  14. 
Marlboro  and  Milton,  Pier  No.  33. 
New  Brighton  and  P.  Richmond, 

Pier  No.  19. 
Newark,  Pier  No.  26. 
New    Brunswick    and  Wood's 

^Landing,  Pier  No.  14. 
New  London,  Norwich  &  Mystic, 

Pic  r  No.  33. 
New  Hamburg  and  Milton,  Pier 

No.  39. 

Newburgh,    Poughkeepsie,  etc., 

Pier  No.  39. 
Newport,  Pall  River,  etc.,  Pier 

No.  28. 
Norwich.  Pier  No.  33. 
Nyack,  Tarrytown  and  Yonkers, 

Pier  No.  34. 
Peekskill,  Pier  No.  34 
Perth  Amboy,  Rossville,  etc.,  Pier 

No.  30. 
Perth  Amboy,  Pier  No.  1. 
Port  Monmouth  and  Middletown, 

Pier  No.  32. 
Port  Washington  and  Fairhaven, 

Piers  No.  26  and  30. 
Poughkeepsie    and  Cornwall, 

Pier  No.  33. 
Poughkeepsie,  Yonkers,  etc.,  Pier 

No.  39. 
Providence,  Pier  No.  35. 
Rockland  Lake,  Nyack,  etc^  Pier 

No.  34. 
Rockaway,  Pier  No.  30. 
Rondout  and  Kingston,  Pier  No. 

39. 

Rossville,  Woodbridge,  etc.,  Pier 
No.  30. 

Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  Pier  No.  32. 

Saugerties,  Rhinebeck  &  Tivoli, 
Pier  No.  37. 

South  Amboy,  Pier  No.  1. 

Sing  Sing,  Pier  No.  34. 

Sing  Sing,  Irvington  and  Tarry- 
town,  Pier  No.  30. 

Staten  Island,  Whitehall  Slip. 


Snug  Harbor,  Factoryville,  etc., 

Pier  No.  19. 
Shrewsbury,  Long  Branch,  etc.. 

Pier  No.  32. 
Staten  Island  (North  Shore),  Pier 

No.  19. 

Tarrytown,     Yonkers,  Nyack, 

Pier  No  34 
Tottens,  Chelsea  and  Blazing  St., 

Pier  No.  30. 
West  Camp,  *Malden,  etc.,  Pier 

No.  35. 

West  Point,  Newburg,  etc.,  Pier 
No.  39. 

Yonkers,  Tarrytown  and  Nyack , 
Pier  No.  34. 

EAST  RIVER. 

Astoria.  Harlem  and  Yorkville, 

Pier  No.  24. 
BlackwelVs  Island,  etc.,  Foot  of 

26th  street. 
Bridgeport,  Pier  No.  35. 
Bridgeport,  Pier  No.  26. 
City  Island,  New  Rochelle,  etc., 

Pier  No.  43. 
College  Point,  Pier  No.  22. 
Derby,  Conn..  Pier  No.  37. 
Flushing,  Pier  No.  22. 
Greenwich,  Portchester  and  Rye, 

Pier  No.  26. 
Harlem.  Yorkville  &  High  Bridge, 

Pier  No.  24. 
Hartford  &  intermediate  places, 

Pier  No.  24. 
Glen  Cove,  Roslyn,  Bayley's  D% 

Pier  No.  24. 
Lloyd's  Hock  and  Huntington, 

Pier  No.  26. 
MotVs  Dock,  Sand V  Point,  Great 

Neck,  Pier  No.  24. 
Mystic  and  Noank,  Conn..  Pier 

No.  23. 
New  Haven,  Pier  No.  24. 
Norwalk  and  Danbury,  Pier  No. 

37. 

Northport,  Oyster  Bay,  etc.,  Pier 
No.  26. 

Orient,  Greenport  and  S.  Harbor, 

Pier  No.  3S. 
Portland,  for  Canada,  Pier  No.  88. 
Rye  Point,  Portchester,  etc-,  Pier 

No.  26. 
Stamford,  Pier  No.  22. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


105 


WESTEEN  UNION  TELEGKAPH. 

General  Office,  145  Broadway. 

Produce  Exchange,  cor.  Pearl  street  and  Whitehall. 

Cor.  William  and  Beaver  streets,  "  Basement." 

134  Pearl  street. 

22  Broad  street. 

Merchants' Exchange  News  Room,  50  and  52  Pine  street 
Fulton  Market,  83  Fish  Market. 
Astor  House. 

Washington  Market,  100  Vesey  street. 
Hudson  River  Railroad  Depot,  Warren  street. 
239  Broadway. 

Dry  Goods  Exchange,  49  and  51  Park  Place. 
Pier  39  N.  R.,  Yestry  street. 
Pier  41  N.  R. 

280  Canal  street,  near  Broadway. 
Westchester  House,  cor.  Broome  and  Bowery. 
St.  Nicholas  Hotel. 
Prescott  Heuse. 
Metropolitan  Hotel. 
New  York  Hotel. 

95  Eighth  Avenue,  near  14th  street. 

Dry  Dock,  cor.  10th  street  and  Avenue  D. 

Everett  House. 

Madison  Square,  945  Broadway. 
Fifth  Avenue  Hotel. 
Hoffman  House. 

Harlem  R  R.  Depot,  cor.  26th  street  and  Fourth  Avenue 

N.  Haven  R.R.  Depot,  cor.  27th  st.  and  Fourth  Avenue 

AHerton's  West ,  Eleventh  Avenue  and  41st  street. 

Cor.  Sixth  Avenue  and  42d  street. 

Yorkville,  cor.  Third  Avenue  and  86th  street. 

Harlem,  cor.  Third  Avenue  and  135th  street, 

Manhattanville  Railroad  Depot. 

Astoria,  Fulton  street,  near  junction  of  Main. 

Jersey  City,  26  Exchange  Place. 

Hoboken,  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad  Depot, 


OMNIBUSES  AND  RAIL-CARS. 


The  omnibus  lines  are  8  in  number,  comprising  204 
vehicles,  which  average  about  10  down  and  as  many 
up  trips  daily.  Besides  these  stages  there  are  twenty- 
two  lines  of  commodious  city  cars,  drawn  by  horses 
along  rails  laid  on  the  streets.  The  fare  is  only  5  cents. 
They  run  as  follows  : 

Harlem  Co's.  City  Cars — From  Park  Row  to  Centre 
street,  through  Centre  to  Grand,  Grand  to  Bowery,  up 
Bowery  to  Fourth  Avenue  and  Forty-second  street. 

Second  Avenue  Cars — From  Peck  Slip,  through  Pearl, 
Chatham,  Bowery,  Grand,  and  Allen  streets,  First  Ave- 
nue, East  Twenty-third  street  and  Second  Avenue,  to 
Harlem. 

Third  Avenue  Railroad — Park  Row,  Bowery,  Third 
Avenue  to  Harlem. 

Sixth  Avenue  Railroad — Vesey,  through  Church  and 
Chambers  streets,  West  Broadway,  Canal,  Varick,  and 
Carmine  streets,  Sixth  Avenue,  to  Fifty-ninth  street. 

Seventh  Avenue  Railroad — From  corner  of  Broadway 
and  Barclay  street,  through  Church,  Greene,  University 
Place,  Broadway,  Forty-third  street,  and  Seventh  Ave- 
nue to  Fifty-ninth  street.  There  is  also  a  branch  start- 
ing place  from  corner  of  Broadway  and  Broome  street. 

Eighth  Avenue  Railroad— Vesey,  through  Church, 
Chambers,  West  Broadway,  Canal,  Hudson  streets,  and 
Eighth  Avenue,  to  Harlem  River. 

Ninth  Avenue  Railroad— 'Barclay,  corner  of  Church, 
through  Church,  Chambers,  West  Broadway,  Canal, 
Greenwich,  and  Ninth  Avenue,  to  Fifty  ninth  street. 

Central  Park,  North  and  East  River  Railroad — 
Eastern  Division — From  South  Ferry,  foot  of  White- 
hall street,  through  Front,  Water,  and  South  streets, 
to  Grand  Street  Ferry ;  thence  through  Grand,  Man- 
gin,  Corlears  and  Houston  streets,  to  Avenues  D  and  A  ; 
thence  through  14th  street  to  First  Avenue,  and  through 
First  Avenue  and  59th  street  to  the  Fifth  Avenue  en- 
trance of  the  Central  Park, 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


107 


Central  Parle,  North  and  East  River  Railroad — 
Western  Division — From  South  Ferry,  foot  of  White- 
hall street,  through  Whitehall  and  State  streets,  Bat- 
tery Place,  West  street,  Tenth  Avenue  and  59th  street, 
to  Fifth  Avenue  entrance  of  Central  Park. 

Broadway  and  Grand  Street  Ferry  Railroad — From 
junction  of  Broadway  and  Canal  street,  through  New 
Canal  street,  East  Broadway,  and  Grand  street  to 
Grand  Street  Ferry. 

Broadway  and  Seventh  Avenue  Railroad — From 
junction  of  Broadway  and  Barclay  street,  through 
Barclay,  Church,  Greene,  and  Eighth  streets,  Univer- 
sity Place,  Broadway,  Seventh  Avenue,  and  59th 
street.— Branch  from  junction  of  Broadway  and 
Broome  street,  through  Broome,  Greene,  Eighth 
streets,  University  Place,  Broadway,  Seventh  Avenue, 
aDd  59th  street.  Return  Route — From  corner  of 
59th  street  and  Seventh  Avenue,  through  Seventh 
Avenue,  Broadway,  University  Place,  Eighth  street, 
Wooster  street  (Branch  Road  from  Wooster  through 
Broome  street,  to  Broadway),  Canal  street,  West 
Broadway,  Barclay  street,  to  Broadway. 

Forty-second  Street  and  Grand  .Street  Ferry  Rail- 
road— Forty-second  street  and  Eleventh  Avenue,  along 
Forty-second  street  to  Tenth  Avenue,  through  Tenth 
Avenue  to  Thirty -fourth  street,  Broadway,  Twenty- 
third  street,  Fourth  Avenue,  Fourteenth  street,  Avenue 
A,  Houston  street,  Cannon  street,  Grand  street,  to 
Grand  Street  Ferry.  Return  Route — From  Grand 
Street  Ferry  to  Goerck  street,  through  Goerck,  Hous- 
ton, and  Second  streets,  Avenue  A,  Fourteenth  street, 
Fourth  Avenue,  Twenty-third  street,  Broadway,  Thir- 
ty-fourth street,  Tenth  Avenue  to  Forty-second  Street 
Ferry. 

East  Brotdway  and  Dry  Dock  Railroad — From 
junction  of  Park  Row  and  Broadway,  through  Park 
Row,  Chatham  street,  Chatham  Square,  East  Broad- 
way, Grand  street,  Goerck,  Houston,  to  Avenue  D, 
thence  through  Avenue  D  to  Dry  Dock.  Return 


108 


OMNIBUSES  AND  RAIL-CARS. 


Route — From  Dry  Dock,  through  Avenue  D,  Eighth, 
Lewis,  Grand  streets,  East  Broadway,  Chatham  Square, 
Chatham-street,  Park  Row  to  Broadway. 

Fourteenth- street  and  Fulton  Ferry  Railroad — From 
foot  of  Fourteenth-street,  North  Kiver,  through  Hudson, 
Bleecker,  Crosby,  Howard,  Elm,  Reade,  Centre,  Beek- 
man,  and  South  streets,  to  Fulton-street ;  and  return 
through  Fulton,  William  and  Ann  streets  to  Park  Row, 
and  thence  to  Fourteenth-street  along  the  route  above 
mentioned. 

Grand-street  Ferry  and  Courtland-street  Ferry  Rail- 
road— From  Grand-street  Ferry  through  Grand-street, 
East  Broadway,  Walker,  Greenwich,  and  Courtlandt 
streets  to  the  ferry. 

For  the  several  stage  and  omnibus  routes  throughout 
the  city,  see  the  New  York  Directory.  Most  of  them 
have  their  routes  designated  on  the  outside  of  the  ve- 
hicle. A  large  proportion  of  them  pass  up  and  down 
Broadway  almost  incessantly. 


Grand  Central  Depot,  42nd  Sureet. 


RAILROADS. 


109 


RAILROADS. 

GRAND  CENTRAL  DEPOT,  42d  STREET. 

This  is  decidedly  the  largest  and  handsomest  depot 
in  the  world.  Its  exterior  is  imposing,  and  its  im- 
mense size  and  regularity  gives  it  a  marked  magnitude 
in  a  city  where  there  is  so  much  architectural  discord. 
Here  is  combined  the  starting  point  of  trains  %ia  New 
York  and  New  Haven,  New  York  and  Harlem,  and  the 
Hudson  River  Railroads.  It  is  well  worth  the  time  for 
a  stranger  in  our  city  to  pay  a  visit  to  this  rightly  named 
" Grand  Depot  of  the  world." 

NEW  YORK  AND  HARLEM- 

The  trains  run  on  this  road  as  far  as  Albany,  stop- 
ping at  intermediate  places.  As  far  as  Williams' 
Bridge,  which  is  14  miles  from  the  city,  they  run  on 
the  same  track  as  the  New  Haven  trains,  afterwards 
they  branch  off.  From  the  depot  to  Harlem  being 
through  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  many  accidents  hav- 
ing occurred,  it  was  found  necessary  to  sink  the  track 
as  far  as  the  tunnel,  which  is  about  two  miles  in  length, 
nearly  a  mile  of  which  was  cut  through  solid  granite. 
The  Third  and  Fourth  Avenue  horse-cars  leave  the 
vicinity  of  the  New  Post  Office  every  few  minutes  dur- 
ing the  day,  and  half-hourly  at  night,  and  connect 
with  the  railroad  at  Grand  Central  depot. 

THE  HUDSON  RIVER  AND  N.  Y.  CENTRAL. 

The  main  depot  of  this  road  is  the  Grand  Central,  at 
Forty-second  street  and  Fourth  Avenue.  Trains  also 
leave  the  old  depot  at  Tenth  Avenue  and  Thirtieth 
street  ;  but  it  is  advisable  when  leaving  the  city,  to 
take  the  cars  at  the  former  depot,  as  trains  leave  here 
more  frequently,  and  it  is  more  accessible  by  horse- 
cars. 


110  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

NEW  JERSEY  RAILROAD. 

For  Washington,  Baltimore,  and  Philadelphia,  and 
intermediate  places,  leaves  New  York  from  foot  of 
Cortlandt  street,  via  Jersey  Oity  Ferry. 

CENTRAL  RAILROAD  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

For  Harrisburg,  Heading,  Pottsville,  Mauch  Chunk, 
and  intermediate  places,  leaves  Pier  No.  15,  N.  R. 

NORTHERN  RAILROAD  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

For  Piermont  and  intermediate  places,  leaves  New 
York  from  foot  of  Chambers  street. 

CAMDEN  AND  AMBOY  RAILROAD. 

For  Philadelphia,  via  steamers  to  Amboy,  leaves 
Pier  No.  1,  N.  R. 

MORRIS  AND  ESSEX  RAILROAD. 

For  Hackettstown  and  intermediate  places,  leaves 
foot  of  Barclay  street. 

LONG  ISLAND  RAILROAD. 

For  Greenport  and  intermediate  places,  leaves  James 
Slip,  and  foot  of  Thirty-fourth  street,  E.  R. 

CONEY  ISLAND  RAILROAD. 

All  Brooklyn  horse-cars  for  Greenwood  connect  with 
this  road.  Depot,  Thirty-sixth  street,  near  Fifth  Av- 
enue, Brooklyn. 

FLUSHING  RAILROAD,  L.  I. 

Leaves  foot  of  34th  street,  and  James  Slip,  N.  Y. 

RARITAN  AND  DELAWARE  BAY  RAILROAD. 

For  Middletown,  Red  Bank,  Long  Branch,  Tom's 
river,  and  intermediate  places,  leaves  wharf  foot  of 
Duane  street. 

STATEN  ISLAND  RAILROAD. 

For  Tottenville  and  intermediate  places,  leaves  New 
York  from  Pier  No.  1,  foot  of  Whitehall  street,  E.  R. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Ill 


FERRIES. 

Brooklyn — Catherine  Slip  to  Main  street.  From 
5  a.  M.  to  9  p.  m.,  every  ten  minutes ;  from  9  p.  m.  to 
12  a.  m.,  every  twenty  minutes. 

Brooklyn— Foot  Fulton  street,  N.  Y.,  to  Fulton  street, 
B'klyn.  From  3  a.  m.  to  12  p.  m.,  every  five  minutes 
from  12  p.  m.  to  3  a.  si.,  every  fifteen  minutes. 

Brooklyn — Foot  Jackson  to  Hudson  Avenue.  From 
5  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m  . .  every  fifteen  minutes. 

Brooklyn  (E.  D.) — Foot  Roosevelt  to  South  Seventh 
street.    From  5  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.,  every  ten  minutes 

Brooklyn— Foot  Wall  to  Montague  street.  From 
5  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.,  every  ten  minutes;  from  8  p.  m.  to 
midnight,  every  twenty  minutes. 

Brooklyn— Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic  street.  From 
5  a.  m  to  11  p  m.,  every  12  minutes;  from  11  p.  m.  to 

5  a.  m.,  every  half  hour. 

Brooklyn  (E.  D.)— Foot  Grand  street,  1ST.  Y..  to  Grand 
street,  B'klyn,  and  to  Division  Avenue. 

Brooklyn  (E.  D)— Foot  E.  Houston  to  Grand  street. 

BulVs  Ferry  and  Fort  Lee — Pier  No.  44  N".  R. 

G^eenpoint— Foot  Tenth  and  foot  East  Twenty -third. 
From  6  a.  m.  to  9  p.m.,  every  fifteen  minutes. 

Hamilton  Avenue — Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic  Dock. 
From  7  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  every  ten  minutes;  from 

6  p.  m.  to  12  a.  m.,  every  fifteen  minutes. 
Huboken— Foot  Barclay.    From  6  a.  m.  to  7?  p.  m., 

every  fifteen  minutes;  from  7f  p.  m.  to  12  p.  m.,  every 
half  hour;  from  12  p.  m.  to  4  a.  m.,  every  hour;  from 
4  to  6  a.  m.,  every  half  hour. 

Hoboken— Foot  Canal.  From  5[  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m., 
every  half  hour. 

Hunters  Point— Foot  East  Thirty-fourth  street. 
From  4±  a.  m.  to  12  p.  m.,  every  fifteen  minutes.  Fare 
4  cents. 

Hunter 's  Point — James  Slip  to  Ferry  street,  every 
half  hour. 


112 


FERRIES. 


Jersey  City — Foot  Courtlandt  to  Montgomery  street. 
From  3  a.  m.  to  7^  p.  m,  every  ten  minutes;  from  1\ 
p.  m.  to  12  p.  m.,  every  fifteen  minutes;  from  12  p.  m. 
to  3  a.  m.,  every  thirty  minutes. 

Jersey  City — Foot  Desbrosses  to  Exchange  Place. 
From  5  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.,  every  fifteen  minutes ;  from 
10  p.  m.  to  5  a.  m.,  every  thirty  minutes. 

Mott  Haven— Foot  Peck  Slip.  Boats  leave  at  7,  8, 
9.15,  and  11.30  A.  m.,  1.15.  3.15,  4.15,  5.15,  6.15  p.  m. 
From  foot  of  Eighth  street,  fifteen  minutes  later. 

Pavonia — Foot  Chambers,  1ST.  E.,  to  Long  Dock. 
From  1  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.,  every  fifteen  minutes ;  from 
7  p.  m.  to  1  A.  m.,  every  half  hour. 

Staten  Mand — (New  Brighton,  Port  Richmond,  and 
Snug  Harbor.) — Foot  Whitehall.    5  trips  daily. 

Staten  Island — (Quarantine,  Stapleton,  and  Yander- 
bilt's  Landing.) — Foot  Whitehall.  From  6  a.  m.  to 
7  p.  m.,  every  hour.  The  7  and  9  a.  m.  and  1,  4,  and 
6  p.  m.,  connect  with  the  trains  of  the  Staten  Island 
Kail  road. 

Weehawhen — Foot  West  Forty-second.  From  7  a.  m. 
to  9  p.  m.,  every  twenty  minutes. 

Astoria  Ferry — Foot  East  Ninety-second.  Boats 
run  every  fifteen  minutes. 


EXPKESS  COMPANIES. 

Adams  Exjiress,  59  Broadway,  Spring  and  Broadway,  and  27th  stret^ 

and  Fourth  Avenue. 
American,  61  Hudson  street  and  2S0  Canal  street. 
American- European,  72  Broadway. 
Astoria  and  Raven  sivood,  13  John  street. 
Bath  (Remson's),  117  John  street. 
Bergen  Express  {Van  Riper),  56  Courtlandt  street. 
Breese  Express,  162  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street 
Brooklyn  Express  (  WestcoWs),  1  Park  Place 
Brooklyn  {Plumb'' s)  170  West  street. 
Brooklyn  {Studley's)  142  Grand  street 


ATLANTIC  MUTUAL 

INSURANCE  COMPANY, 

51  WALL  STREET. 


- 

li 

Jim 

m 


MARINE  AND  INLAND  INSURANCE. 


J.  H.  CHAPMAN,  Secretary 


JOHN  D.  JONES,  Pres. 
CHARLES  DENNIS.  V.  Pres. 
W.  H.  H.  MORE,  2d  V.  Pres 
JOHN  D.  HEWLETT,  3d  V.  Pres. 


V. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YOBK. 


113 


Brooklyn  and  New  York  (Simonson's),  181  Atlantic  street,  BrooklyD 

and  71  Courtlandt  street,  New  York. 
Sudd's  Newark  Express,  66  Courtlandt  street 
Burnham's  Furniture  Express,  115  West  Eleventh  street 
Coney  Island  Express,  117  John  street. 
Connecticut  River  Express,  254  Broadway. 
Cuba  (Bombalier  <fc  Co's)  Express,  42  Broadway. 
Denning"1  s  Express,  Pier  30  N.  ft. 
Dodds'  Express,  foot  Courtlandt  street. 
Fort  Washington  and  Carmansmlle,  280  Canal  street 
Flushing  Express  (Foster's),  11  James  Slip. 
Flushing  (Lawrence's),  179  South  street. 
Freehold,  N.  J.  (Vanwoert's),  153  West  street 
Greenpoint  and  Hunter's  Point,  13  John  street 
Hackensack  Express,  foot  Chambers  street 
Handford's  (City)  Express,  170  West  street 
Harnden's  Express  Company,  65  Broadway. 
Hempstead  and  Jamaica  Express,  117  John  street 
Hoboken  and  Hamburg-Bremen  Steamship  Express  (R.aab  dt  Oo.\ 

222  Washington  street.  # 
Hoboken  (VantastseVs)  Express,  Pier  26  N.  E. 
■  Hope  Express,  162  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street 
Huntington  (Barney's)  Express,  Pier  26  E.  E. 
Jersey  City  (Craig's),  74  Courtlandt  Street 
Kennedy's  City  Express,  47  John  and  183  East  Fortieth  street 
Kingston  (Ja.)  and  Mexican  Express,  30  Broadway. 
Kinsley  <S6  Co.'s  Express,  72  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street. 
Long  Island  Railroad  Express,  5  James  Slip. 
Manhattanville  (Rowden\  280  Canal  street 
Merchant's  Union,  194  Broadway. 

Metropolitan  Public  Conveyance  Company,  25  Chambers  street 
MittnachVs,  203  Church  street. 

Morgan's  City  Express,  952  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street. 
Morris  Express,  50  Broadway. 

National  Express  Company,  65  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street- 

National  Express  and  Transportation  Company,  298  Broadway. 

Neio  Bedford  Express,  65  Broadway. 

Neptune  (Prov.)  Express,  193  Broadway. 

New  Jersey  Express  Company,  foot  Courtlandt  street 

New  Jersey  Express,  222  Washington  street 

New  York  Express  Company,  145  Fifth  Avenue. 

New  York  (Rollin's)  Jay  and  Greenwich  streets. 

Newark  B.  <&  B.,  227  Pearl  street. 

Newark  (Buck  &  Pomeroy),  167  Washington  street. 

Nyack  (Barclay's),  2  Harrison  street 

Paterson  (BlundelVs)  Express,  271  Washington  street 

Paterson  (Scott's  Express),  114  Keade  street. 

Paterson  Express,  187  Chambers  street. 

Paterson  (McGregor's),  195  Chambers  street. 

Paterson  (Adams')  Express,  187  Chambers  street 

Pullen'8, 1  Tryon  Row,  and  Twenty-sixth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue, 

Raynor's  Furniture  Express,  269  Canal  street. 

Reid's  Express,  48  Broadway. 

Rockaway  and  Yorkville  Express,  117  John  street 

Rowland's  (Brooklyn)  Express,  13  Park  Place. 


114 


LOCATION  OF  PIERS. 


8tudley'a  City  Express  Company,  Fourth  Avenue  and  27th  street. 

Sing  Sing,  1  Hudson  street. 

Smith's  City  Express,  8  Old  Slip. 

Spaulding's  Express,  2  Astor  House. 

Union  Express  Company,  127  Broad  street. 

Ttirrytown  (Riker'x),  271  Washington  street 

United  States  Express,  82  Broadway  and  280  Canal  street 

Yonkers  {Biker's),  271  Washington  street. 

WESTCOTT'S 
New  York,  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  Jersey  City,  Hoboken  and  Long 

Branch  EXPRESS. 
Offices  in  NewYork  :  Nos.  239,  785  and  945  Broadway  and  1  Park  Place. 

Corner  Sixth  Avenue  and  Forty-second  street. 

Harlem  R.R.  Depot.  Twenty-sixth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue,  Hudson 
River  R.R.  Depot,  Twenty-ninth  street,  bet.  Ninth  and  Tenth  Avenues. 
Brooklyn:  No.  269  Washington  street,  City  Hall  Squure. 


LOCATION 

NORTH  RIVER. 

1,  Battery  Place. 

2,  3.  Battery  Place  and  Morris. 

4,  Morris. 

5,  6,  7,  Morris  and  Rector. 
8.  Rector. 

9, 10,  Rector  and  Carlisle. 

11,  Car  J  isle.  . 

12,  Albany. 

13,  Albany  and  Cedar. 

14,  Cedar. 

15,  Liberty. 

16,  Liberty  and  Courtlandt. 

17,  IS,  Courtlandt 

19,  Courtland^  and  Dey. 

20,  Dey. 

21,  Fulton. 

22,  23,  24,  Fulton  and  Vesey. 

25,  Yesey. 

26,  Vesey  nnd  Barclay. 

27,  RotJinson. 

28,  Murray. 

29,  Warren. 

30,  Chambers. 

31,  Duane. 

32,  Duane  and  Jay. 

33,  Jay. 

34,  Harrison. 

35,  Franklin. 

86,  North  Moore. 

87,  Beach. 

88,  Hubert 


OF  PIEES. 

39,  Yestry. 

40,  Watts. 

41,  Hoboken. 

42,  Canal. 

43,  Spring. 

44,  Spring  and  Charlton, 

45,  Charlton. 

46,  King. 

47,  West  Houston. 

48,  Clarkson. 

49,  Leroy. 

50,  '  Morton. 

51,  Christopher. 

EAST  RIVER. 
1,  2,  Whitehall. 

3,  Moore. 

4,  Moore  and  Broad. 

5,  Broad  and  Coenties  Slip. 

6,  7,  8.  Coenties  Slip. 

9, 10,  Coenties  and  Old  Slip. 
11,12,  Old  Slip. 

13,  Old  Slip  and  Gouverneur  Lana 

14,  Jones  Lane. 

15,  16,  Wall. 

17,  Pine. 

18,  Midden  Lane. 

19,  Fletcher. 

20,  21,  Burling  Slip. 

22,  Fulton. 

23,  Beekman. 

24  Beekman  and  Peck  Blip, 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


115 


25,  26,  Peck  Slip. 

27,  Dover. 

28,  Dover  and  Roosevelt 

29,  Roosevelt. 

80,  Roosevelt  and  James  Slip. 
31,  32,  James  Slip. 

38,  Oliver. 

34,  35,  Catherine. 

86,  Catherine  and  Market 

87,  38,  Market 

39,  Market  and  Pike. 

40,  41.  Pike. 

*2,  Pike  and  Rutgers. 
43.  44,  Rutgers. 


45,  Rutgers  and  Jefferson. 

46,  Jefferson. 

47,  Jefferson  and  Clinton. 

48,  Clinton. 

49,  Clinton  and  Montgomery. 

50,  Montgomery. 

51,  52,  Gouverneur. 

53,  Jackson. 

54,  Corlears. 

55,  Cherry. 

56,  57,  Broome. 
58,  59,  Delancey. 

60,  Rivington. 

61,  Rivington  and  Stanton* 


OFFICES  OF  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 


Department  of  Finance,  New  Court-House. 
Department  of  Public  Works,  City  Hall. 
Department  of  Public  Parks,  36  Union  Square. 
Department  of  Docks,  348  Broadway. 
Department  of  Police,  300  Mulberry  street. 
Department  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,  corner 

Third  Avenue  and  ltth  street. 
Department  of  Health,  301  Mott  street. 
Department  of  Buildings,  2  Fourth  Avenue. 
Law  Department,  Tryon  Row. 
Excise  Department,  299  Mulberry. 
Board  of  Education,  corner  Grrand  and  Elm  streets. 
Board  of  Supervisors,  New  Court-House. 
Sheriff's  Office,  New  Court-House. 
Register's  Office,  Hall  of  Records. 
Surrogate's  Office,  New  Court-House. 
County  Clerk's  Office,  New  Court-House. 
Coroner's  Office,  40  East  Houston  street. 
Commissioner  of  Jurors,  New  Court-House. 
Commissioners  of  Emigration,  Castle  Garden. 
Commissioners  of  Taxes,  New  Court-House. 
Corporation  Attorney,  115  Nassau  street. 
Public  Administrator,  115  Nassau  street. 
U.  S.  Loan  Commissioners,  176  Broadway. 
Bureau  of  Markets,  New  Court-House. 


116  OITY  OF  BBOOKLYN. 

Board  of  Inspection  of  Buildings,  Office,  2  Fourth 
avenue. 


CIVIL  COURTS  FOR  THE  COUNTY 
AND  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Supreme  Court.  New  Court  House,  32  Chambers-street. 

Superior  Court;  New  Court  House. 

Common  Pleas,  New  Court  House. 

Marine  Court,  New  Court  House,  32  Chambers-street. 


THE  CITY  OF  BROOKLYN, 

Being  by  far  the  largest  and  most  important  place 
adjacent  to  New  York,  claims  more  than  a  passing 
notice. 

Brooklyn  has,  within  the  past  few  years,  been  char- 
acterized by  the  same  degree  of  advancement  as  New 
York.  Its  present  population  is  estimated  at  450,000 ; 
while  its  numerous  and  elegant  churches,  public  build- 
ings, and  stately  private  residences,  render  it  equally 
conspicuous.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  residence  by  the 
New  Yorkers,  from  its  pure  air,  as  well  as  its  numerous 
trees,  which  line  most  of  its  streets,  and  impart  to  it  a 
rural  aspect.  Fulton  Avenue,  Flatbush  Avenue,  and 
the  intersecting  great  highways,  are  fine  thoroughfares. 
Brooklyn,  as  to  its  name,  is  supposed  to  be  derived 
from  the  Dutch,  Breucklen  (broken  land).  It  was  in- 
corporated as  a  village  in  1816.  It  has  but  few  relics 
remaining.  There  is  an  old  house,  dated  1696,  on  the 
route  to  Gowanus,  by  the  Fifth  Avenne.  It  is  known 
as  the  Cortelyou  House. 

The  first  European  settler  in  this  town  is  supposed 
to  have  been  George  Jansen  de  Rapelje,  at  the  Waal- 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


117 


Doght,  or  Waaloons  Bay,  during  the  Directorship  of 
Peter  Minuit,  under  the  charter  of  the  West  India 
Company. 

FORT  GREENE, 

An  elevated  plateau,  northeast  of  the  Brooklyn  City 
Hall,  was,  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  the  site  of 
important  fortifications.  It  has  recently  been  laid  out 
as  a  public  park,  and  planted  with  trees.  The  view  of 
the  surrounding  country  from  this  elevation  is  exceed- 
ingly attractive. 

THE  CITY  HALL 

Faces  the  junction  of  Fulton  and  Court  streets,  and  is 
distant  from  Fulton  Ferry  about  one  mile.  It  is  a  noble 
Ionic  structure,  built  of  Westchester  marble,  and  admi- 
rably planned.  It  has  a  solid,  substantial  look.  Its 
measurement  is  as  follows:  162  feet  in  length  by  102 
in  width  ;  height  75  feet;  to  the  top  of  the  cupola  the 
height  is  153  feet.  The  cost  of  the  Hall  was  about 
$200,000.  The  Park,  which  is  inclosed  with  the  build- 
ing, is  of  a  triangular  form. 

THE  CITY  ARKOBY, 

An  elegant  brick  and  brown  stone  structure,  on  the 
corner  of  Henry  and  Cranberry  streets,  occupies  the 
site  of  the  old  Apprentices'  Library,  the  corner  stone 
of  which  was  laid  by  Lafayette.  The  armory  was  fin- 
ished, January,  1859.  It  measures  100  feet  by  50 — is 
four  stories  high,  with  basement.  The  three  upper  sto- 
ries are  occupied  by  the  13th,  14th,  and  72d  Regiments ; 
the  fourth  being  used  as  a  general  drill  room.  The  cost 
was  $14,300. 

THE  STATE  ARSENAL 

Is  located  on  the  corner  of  Portland  Avenue  and  Au- 
burn Place,  opposite  Fort  Greene,  on  Washington  Park. 
It  is  200  feet  by  60  in  measurement,  having  2  towers, 
and  is  2  stories  high.    It  incloses  14  lots  of  ground. 


118 


BROOKLYN  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


The  70th  Regiment  of  Artillery  have  their  quarters 
here.    The  cost  was  $40,000. 

THE  POST-OFFICE 

Is  located  on  Washington  street,  near  the  junction  of 
Fulton  street  and  Myrtle  avenue.  The  mail  delivery 
between  the  General  Post-Office  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  occurs  several  times  every  day. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  MUSIC. 

This  is  a  noble  edifice  constructed  of  brick,  and  costing 
about  $125,000.  It  is  located  on  Montague  near  Court 
street,  nearly  opposite  the  City  Post  Office. 

THE  WATER- WORKS. 

This  great  desideratum  of  Brooklyn  has  recently  come 
into  operation,  and  promises  an  abundant  supply  to  its 
inhabitants  of  pure  water.  It  has  already  been  intro- 
duced into  the  streets  and  houses.  The  sources  from 
which  the  supply  is  obtained  is  Rockville  reservoir,  and 
others  adjacent  to  Hempstead,  L.  L  From  thence  it 
is  conveyed  by  an  open  canal  to  Jamaica  reservoir, 
through  a  conduit  to  Eidgewood  reservoir,  where  it  is 
forced  up  to  an  elevation  sufficient  to  answer  all  pur- 
poses required.  The  water  is  pronounced  equal,  if  not 
superior,  in  purity  of  taste  to  the  Croton  water. 

THE  KINGS  COUNTY  JAIL 

Is  situated  in  Raymond  street,  at  the  foot  of  Fort 
Greene.  It  is  a  dark,  heavy-looking,  castellated  Gothic 
edifice  in  front,  built  of  red  sandstone,  with  Gothic  win- 
dows at  each  side,  and  a  large  yard  at  the  back. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVY  YARD, 

At  Brooklyn,  well  deserves  the  notice  of  visitors.  It 


CITY  OF  NEW  Y0EK. 


119 


is  situated  upon  the  south  side  of  Wallabout  Bay,  in 
the  northeast  part  of  the  city.  It  occupies  about  forty 
acres  of  ground,  inclosed  by  a  high  wall.  There  are 
here  two  large  ship-houses  for  vessels  of  the  largest 
class,  with  workshops,  and  every  requisite  necessary 
for  an  extensive  naval  depot.  A  dry  dock  constructed 
here  cost  about  one  million  of  dollars. 

The  United  States  Naval  Lyceum,  an  interesting 
place,  also  in  the  Navy  Yard,  is  a  literary  institution, 
formed  in  1833,  by  officers  of  the  navy  connected  with 
the  port.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  Wallabout,  half 
a  mile  east  of  the  Navy  Yard,  is  the  Marine  Hospital, 
a  fine  building,  erected  on  a  commanding  situation,  and 
surrounded  by  upwards  of  thirty  acres  of  well-culti- 
vated ground.  At  the  Wallabout  were  stationed  the 
Jersey  and  other  prison-ships  of  the  English,  during 
the  Revolutionary  war,  in  which  it  is  said  11,500 
American  prisoners  perished  from  the  bad  air,  close 
confinement,  and  ill-treatment.  In  1808,  the  bones  of 
the  sufferers,  which  had  been  washed  out  from  the 
bank  where  they  had  been  buried,  were  collected  and 
deposited  in  thirteen  coffins,  inscribed  with  the  names 
of  the  thirteen  original  States,  and  placed  in  a  vault 
beneath  a  wooden  building,  erected  for  the  purpose  in 
Hudson  Avenue,  opposite  Front  street,  near  the  Navy 
Yard. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  Navy  Yard  contains  property 
to  the  amount  of  over  $23,000,000. 

THE  ATLANTIC  DOCK. 

These  extensive  works  are  situated  below  the  South 
Ferry,  within  what  is  called  Red  Hook  Point,  the  out- 
side pier  extending  some  3000  feet  on  the  "  Butter 
milk  Channel."  They  are  owned  by  a  Company,  which 
was  incorporated  in  1840,  with  a  capital  of  one  million 
of  dollars.  The  basin  within  the  piers  comprises  about 
42  acres,  with  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  receivo 
ships  of  the  largest  size.  The  masonry  of  these  granite 
works  is  very  well  worth  visiting.    The  Hamilton  Fer- 


120 


DB00KLYN  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


ry,  trom  the  Battery,  is  the  readiest  approach  to  the 
Atlantic  Dock. 

THE  LONG  ISLAND  COLLEGE  H0SPI1AL, 

Henry  street,  near  Pacific  street,  is  a  noble  institu- 
tion, liberally  endowed,  and  occupying  a  spacious  and 
elegant  edifice,  with  grounds  inclosed.  It  is  sustained 
by  the  most  eminent  medical  skill,  and  highly  prosper- 
ous in  its  results,  although  but  comparatively  a  recent 
institution. 

THE  FEMALE  ORPHAN  ASYLUM 

Is  situated  in  Congress  street,  and  the 

MALE  OBPHAN  ASYLUM, 

In  Bedford  Avenue. 

THE  CITY  HOSPITAL, 

In  Raymond  street,  near  De  Kalb  Avenue,  organized  in 
1845,  took  possession  of  its  present  edifice  in  1852. 

THE  DISPENSARY  FOR  THE  EYE  AND  EAR, 

No.  109  Pineapple  street,  was  established  in  1850. 

THE  POLYTECHNIC  INSTITUTE, 

On  Livingston  street,  between  Court  and  Boerum 
streets,  is  a  beautiful  modern  edifice,  devoted  to  the 
education  of  young  lads.  It  possesses  a  fine  lecture- 
room,  and  is  under  the  management  of  a  regular 
faculty. 

THE  PACKER  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTE, 

For  the  instruction  of  young  ladies,  is  situated  in  Jora- 
leraon  street,  between  Court  and  Clinton  streets.  It  is 
an  elegant  Gothic  building  of  brick,  and  very  spacious 
and  elegant  in  its  appointments.    There  is  a  large  lec 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


121 


ture-room  in  the  centre  of  the  edifice,  which  is  lighted 
by  a  long  Gothic  window. 

There  are  in  Brooklyn  and  its  suburbs  over  30  ward 
schools,  some  being  of  the  largest  dimensions,  capable 
of  accommodating  1500  to  1800  children,  besides  pri- 
mary schools  and  schools  for  colored  children. 


BEOOKLYN  HOTELS. 

THE  PIEBBEPONT  HOUSE, 

fn  Montague  Place,  overlooking  the  Wall  Street  Ferry, 
is  a  very  spacious  and  elegant  establishment,  possessing 
all  the  modern  accessories  of  a  first-class  hotel,  being 
adapted  to  every  conceivable  want. 

THE  MANSION  HOUSE, 

On  Henry  street,  not  far  from  the  corner  of  Pierrepont 
street,  is  another  of  the  large  hotels,  furnishing  elegant 
accommodations  for  some  250  guests. 

THE  GLOBE  HOTEL, 

No.  244  Fulton  street,  js  a  conveniently  located  house 
for  visitors.  The  Brooklyn  cars  pass  it  every  five 
minutes.    It  is  much  frequented  by  officers  of  the  navy 


PUBLIC  INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  BROOKLYN  ATHENJEUM, 

On  the  corner  of  Atlantic  and  Clinton  streets,  is  a 
literary  institution,  containing  a  fine  library,  reading- 


122 


BROOKLYN  PUBLIO  INSTITUTIONS. 


room,  lecture-room,  <fcc.  There  is  a  Mercantile  Library 
Association  connected  with  it,  on  the  plan  of  the  New 
York  society  of  that  name.  It  is  a  handsome  brick 
building,  with  stone  facings.  There  is  a  good  library 
connected  with  the  Association. 

THE  LYCEUM, 

Situate  in  Washington  street,  corner  of  Concord  street, 
is  a  literary  institution  of  repute.  It  contains  a  good 
library,  designed  for  youth ;  also,  a  museum  of  natural 
history,  lecture-room,  &c. 

THE  BROOKLYN  SAVINGS  BANK, 

On  the  junction  of  Concord  and  Fulton  streets,  has 
long  been  one  of  the  architectural  ornaments  of  this 
city.  It  is  one  of  the  most  elegant,  externally  and  in- 
i  ternally,  of  the  numerous  elegant  edifices  of  Brooklyn. 

HALSEY  BUILDINGS, 

A  splendid  range  of  iron  buildings,  on  Fulton  street, 
;  facing  the  City  Hall;  present  a  fine  specimen  of  archi- 
tectural skill.  The  same  remark  will  apply  to  the 
stately  mansions  that  cluster  along  Montague  street, 
^Remsen  street,  and  the  vicinity  of  Wall  Street  Ferry, 
and  several  parts  of  South  Brooklyn. 

GREENWOOD  CEMETEEY. 

(Office  No.  30  Broadway.) 

The  situation  of  tins  cemetery  is  on  Gowanus 
Heights,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  South 
Ferry,  whence  visitors  can  easily  be  conveyed  to  the 
cemetery  in  an  omnibus. 

The  cemetery  is  laid  out  in  the  most  tastefully  varie- 
gated manner,  with  fifteen  miles  of  avenues,  besides  nu- 
merous paths.  In  its  more  elevated  parts  it  commands 
beautiful  and  attractive  views,  such  as  the  city  of  New 
York,  with  its  bay  and  harbor,  its  islands  and  forts, 


CITY  OF  >TEW  YORK. 


123 


and  reaching  away  beyond  all  interjacent  objects,  it 
carries  out  the  eye  to  the  great  ocean  itself. 

On  the  margin  of  "  Sylvan  Lake"  stands  the  memo- 
rial of  the  fair,  yet  hapless  girl  of  the  forest  "Do-hum~ 
me"  who  so  soon  exchanged  her  bridal  for  her  burial. 
Not  far  from  this  monument  is  the  tomb  of  the  friend- 
less poet,  McDonald  Clarke,  and  near  by,  that  of  the 
young  and  beautiful  votary  of  fashion,  Miss  Canda, 
whose  sudden  death  caused  such  deep  sympathy  some 
years  since.  This  magnificent  tomb  cost  $10,000. 
Among  the  numerous  costly  monuments,  ought  to  be 
named  the  Pilots'  and  the  Firemen's  columns. 

This  cemetery  is  330  acres  in  extent,  and  is  of  undu- 
lating and  varied  character.  Free  admission  is  granted 
to  the  public  on  week  days^  by  tickets  obtainable  from 
any  undertaker,  but  on  Sabbath  this  privilege  is  re- 
stricted to  proprietors,  their  families,  and  persons  who 
may  be  of  their  party.  The  principal  avenue  is  named 
The  Tour,  and  by  keeping  in  this,  strangers  will  secure 
the  most  favorable  general  view.  A  little  careful  at- 
tention, however,  to  the  guide-boards  in  the  grounds, 
will  enable  them,  ere  long,  to  thread  their  way  through 
the  more  retired,  but  not  less  beautiful  passages,  within 
this  solemn  inclosure. 

Some  four  or  five  miles  eastward  of  Brooklyn  are 
the  Cemeteries  of  the  I^ergreens  and  Cypress  Hills; 
they  do  not,  however,  compare  with  Greenwood  for 
beauty  of  scenery  or  architectural  adornment. 

The  vicinity  of  Brooklyn  possesses  many  points  of 
interest;  we  can  but  name  some  of  them.  Williams- 
burgh — which,  were  it  not  now  incorporated  with 
Brooklyn,  would  be  considered  a  city  of  itself — Flush- 
ing, Flaibush,  Jamaica,  Bath,  Fort  Hamilton,  Coney 
Island,  JSTew  Utrecht,  EocTcaway,  &c.  Near  Guildford, 
on  a  rocky  peninsula,  is  the  cave  of  the  notorious 
pirate,  Capt.  Kidd;  it  is  marked  with  his  initials. 


124 


CHURCHES  OF  BROOKLYN. 


CHURCHES  OF  BROOKLYN. 

In  addition  to  numerous  elegant  stores  and  private 
mansions,  that  in  many  instances  vie  with  those  of  the 
Fifth  Avenue  of  New  York,  Brooklyn  possesses  about 
80  churches.    The  most  notable  of  these  are 

CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  TRINITY, 

Corner  of  Clinton  and  Montague  streets,  is  a  splendid 
Gothic  edifice,  of  brown  stone,  measuring,  with  the  rec- 
tory adjoining,  160  feet;  width,  80  feet.  The  windows 
are  of  richly-stained  glass.  That  in  the  church,  repre- 
senting the  scene  of  the  Ascension,  is  especially  note- 
worthy. This  elegant  edifice  cost  $100,000.  The  Rev. 
Dr.  Littlejohn  is  the  rector. 

THE  CHURCH  OF  THE  PILGRIMS, 

On  the  corner  of  Henry  and  Remsen  streets,  erected  in 
1845,  is  of  stone,  and  built  in  the  early  Norman  style. 
It  is  very  spacious,  measuring  135  feet  by  80.  In  the 
main  tower,  about  six  feet  from  the  ground,  may  be 
seen  inserted  a  piece  of  the  "Pilgrim  Rock,"  from 
Plymouth.  The  lecture-room  is  at  the  rear  of  the 
church,  and  is  very  spacious.  The  cost  of  the  building 
was  about  $50,000.    Rev.  Dr.  Storrs,  Jr.,  is  the  pastor. 

GRACE  CHURCH, 

Situated  in  Hicks  street,  near  Remsen  street.  It  is 
built  of  brown  stone,  and  presents  a  fair  specimen  of 
the  florid  Gothic.  Its  interior  is  very  beautiful — length 
of  the  nave,  85  feet;  width,  60  feet;  and  the  chancel. 
28  by  24  feet.  There  is  an  adjoining  chapel,  60  by  22 
feet.    The  cost  of  the  church  was  $42,000. 


CHURCH  OF  THE  SAVIOUR 

(Unitarian),  on  the  corner  of  Pierrepont  street  and  Mon- 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


125 


roe  Piace,  is  of  red  sandstone,  in  the  pointed  Gothic. 
It  is  an  elaborately-decorated  and  symmetrical  struc- 
ture. The  cost  is  estimated  at  $60,000.  Rev.  Dr. 
Putnam  is  the  incumbent. 

FIRST  REFORMED  DUTCH  CHURCH, 

At  the  rear  of  the  City  Hall,  was  erected  in  1834.  It 
measures  111  feet  by  66;  is  of  the  Grecian  order,  and 
has  a  deep  pediment,  supported  by  eight  massive  Ionic 
columns,  which  impart  to  the  edifice,  a  fine  effect.  In 
the  rear  of  the  pulpit  is  an  effectively-painted  recess. 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Dwight  is  the  pastor. 

PLYMOUTH  CHURCH, 

In  Orange  street,  between  Hicks  and  Henry  streets,  is 
perhaps  the  largest  church  in  Brooklyn,  and  is  yet 
found  insufficient  for  the  large  concourse  which  attends 
the  preaching  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  since 
the  society  contemplate  the  immediate  erection  of  a  yet 
more  spacious  building,  on  the  Heights,  near  the  Wall 
Street  Ferry. 

CHRIST  CHURCH, 

In  Clinton  street,  is  a  Gothic  building,  measuring  100 
feet  by  60,  with  a  tower  100  feet  high.  There  is,  in 
the  rear  of  the  church,  a  lecture-room.  The  cost  was 
$28,000. 

STRONG  PLACE  CHURCH, 

South  Brooklyn,  is  another  fine  Gothic  edifice,  built  of 
stone,  and  much  ornamented  in  the  interior.  The  Rev. 
Dr.  Taylor  is  the  pastor. 

THE  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

In  Henry  street,  near  Clarke,  is  a  massive-looking  struc- 
ture ;  lecture-rooms,  &c,  attached. 

THE  DUTCH  REFORMED  CHURCH, 

In  Pierrepont  street,  is  a  remarkable  structure,  and  well 


126 


BROOKLYN.  RAILROADS. 


worth  visiting.  Its  interior  is  exceedingly  beautiful,  and 
said  to  have  been  modelled  after  the  earliest  Christian 
church,  built  by  the  mother  of  Oonstantine.  Its  elab- 
orate, yet  chaste  decorations  present  a  rich  effect.  The 
<.  Rev  Dr.  Bethune,  till  recently,  was  the  pastor. 

ST.  ANN'S  CHUBCH, 

Corner  of  Sands  street  and  Washington,  is  one  of  the 
early  churches  of  Brooklyn  ;  and  although  of  a  modest 
exterior,  has  a  plot  of  green  sward  surrounding  it  which 
is  very  inviting  to  the  eye. 

TEE  METHODIST  CHURCH, 

In  Clinton  street,  near  Atlantic,  is  a  rough-hewn  stone 
edifice,  of  the  Norman  style  ;  over  the  principal  entrance 
there  is  a  large  circular  window.  The  interior  is  neat 
and  attractive  in  its  arrangement. 

There  are  numerous  other  religious  edifices,  which 
proves  that  it  is  no  misnomer  which  has  been  applied 
to  Brooklyn — "  the  City  of  Churches." 


CITY  EAILEOADS. 

The  Brooklyn  City  Railroads  take  the  following  routes, 
starting  from  the  Fulton  Ferry  :  one  line  runs  through 
Fulton  street,  up  Fulton  Avenue,  terminating  at  East 
New  York,  about  7  miles  from  the  City  Hall ;  another 
passes  through  Sands  street  to  Williamsburgh ;  a  third 
line  goes  up  Fulton  street,  Myrtle  Avenue,  to  Division 
Avenue ;  a  fourth  passes  up  Fulton  street,  through 
Court  street,  to  Greenwood  Cemetery,  and  the  fifth 
from  South  Ferry,  through  Atlantic  Avenue  to  Bedford. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YOKK. 


127 


PLEASURE  EXCURSIONS. 

The  environs  of  New  York  abound  in  picturesque  re- 
treats for  the  lover  of  rural  beauty.  Not  only  are  abun- 
dant facilities  rendered  available  to  the  pleasure  tourist, 
in  the  multiplicity  of  modes  of  conveyance  by  land  or 
by  water,  but  the  geographical  position  of  the  metropolis 
places  within  the  circuit  of  a  few  miles  almost  every 
variety  of  beautiful  scenery,  as  well  as  villages,  towns, 
and  localities  of  historic  interest.  For  a  cool  sea-breeze 
and  pleasing  aquatic  excursion,  the  trip  by  the  steamer 
for  Shrewsbury  and  Long  Branch,  or  Coney  Island, 
will  be  found  full  of  interest.  Boats  for  the  former 
leave  foot  of  Robinson  street,  North  River,  and  Peck 
Slip,  East  River,  daily;  for  the  latter  the  boat  starts 
from  the  foot  of  Battery  Place. 

STATEN  ISLAND 

Is  a  place  of  much  attraction  as  a  summer  resort,  and 
the  boats  make  the  trip  every  hour,  from  Whitehall 
dock,  near  the  Battery,  The  scenery  is  exceedingly  fine, 
and  the  drives  to  the  Telegraph  station,  Stapleton, 
Richmond,  New  Brighton,  with  their  clusters  of  beau- 
tiful villas  and  country  seats,  are  full  of  attraction. 

HOBOKEN, 

On  the  New  Jersey  shore,  is  Hoboken,  with  its 
Elysian  fields  and  pleasure  grounds,  the  bold  bluffs  of 
Weehawken,  the  Sybil's  cave,  and  the  memorable  spot 
of  the  duel  between  Col.  Burr  and  General  Hamilton. 
The  boats  for  Hoboken  leave  every  half-hour  from 
Canal  street,  Barclay  street,  and  Christopher  street 
ferries 


128 


PLEASURE  EXCURSIONS. 


THROG'S  POINT 

Is  another  pleasing  excursion.  Sixteen  miles  from  the 
city.  It  is  the  termination,  at  Long  Island  Sound,  of 
Throg's,  or  rather  Throgmorton's  Neck.  From  this 
headland,  which  divides  the  East  River  from  the 
Sound,  a  very  splendid  view  is  obtained.  Fort  Schuy- 
ler, on  the  point,  and  Pelham  Bridge,  may  be  em- 
braced in  this  excursion. 

ASTORIA. 

A  third  excursion  may  take  for  its  terminus  the 
thriving  village  of  Astoria,  six  miles  to  the  northeast 
of  New  York.  The  academy,  botanic  gardens,  &c,  are 
worthy  of  notice  ;  but  its  most  interesting  feature  is  the 
singular  whirlpool  in  its  neighborhood,  denominated 
Helle  Gat— "  Hell  Gate"— by  the  Dutch. 

CROTON  DAM. 

A  visit  to  the  great  Oroton  Aqueduct  i6  one  of  the 
most  interesting  expeditions,  as  well  as  the  easiest, 
that  could  be  devised.  The  village  of  Croton  is  about 
35  miles  from  the  city,  which  is  reached  best  by  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad.  The  famous  Dam  pertaining  to 
the  works  is  well  worthy  of  a  visit.  The  lake,  meas- 
uring 5  miles,  covers  an  area  of  400  acres ;  it  is  formed 
by  a  dam  250  feet  long,  and  38  feet  wide  at  the  base, 
allowing  a  discharge  of  60  million  gallons  of  water  daily. 
Cars  leave  the  Chambers-street  depot,  at  the  junction 
of  West  Broadway,  every  hour. 

DAVID'S  ISLAND, 

Which  may  be  reached  by  taking  the  New  Haven  cars 
to  New  Rochelle,  and  thence  by  stage  to  the  ferry,  i& 
now  occupied  as  a  hospital  for  sick  and  wounded  sol- 
diers, and  is  admirably  arranged  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Dr.  Simmons  of  the  army.  It  is  well  worth 
a  visit. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


129 


THE  ENVIRONS  OF  THE  CITY. 

FLUSHING. 

A  pleasant  trip  to  the  entrance  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
brings  one  to  Flushing,  a  remarkably  rural  and  pictu- 
resque town,  with  extensive  botanic  gardens,  nurseries, 
and  numerous  elegant  residences.  It  is  a  chosen  subur- 
ban retreat  of  the  New  Yorkers.  The  Flushing  boat 
leaves,  twice  a  day,  the  dock  adjoining  the  Fulton 
Ferry. 

FORT  HAMILTON, 

An  attractive  place  on  the  southwestern  shore  of  Long 
Island,  about  five  miles  from  the  city ;  and 

CONEY  ISLAND, 

A  short  distance  beyond,  forming  a  part  of  Gravesend 
Township,  is  a  sea-girt  barren  sand-heap,  but  com- 
mands a  splendid  view  of  the  ocean,  and  is  a  place  of 
much  resort  by  bathers.  Cars  from  Brooklyn,  and 
boats  from  pier  No.  1  North  River,  New  York,  leave 
daily  for  these  places. 

JAMAICA, 

Which  is  easy  of  access  by  the  L.  I.  Railroad,  South 
Ferry,  which  leaves  three  or  four  times  a  day,  is  an 
interesting  old  rural  town,  and  is  the  highway  of  com- 
munication to  Hempstead,  Greenpoint,  Rockaway,  and 
Montauk  :  the  last  named,  on  the  extremity  of  the  island, 
iffords  a  magnificent  view  of  the  broad  ocean,  which 
there  skirts  the  horizon  in  almost  every  direction. 
There  is  a  remnant  of  pure  Indians  still  living  on  this 
eastern  extremity  of  the  coast. 


ROCKAWAY  BEACH 

Is  another  fashionable  watering-place ;  there  is  a  splen- 


130 


ENVIRONS. 


did  hotel  here,  and  every  accommodation  for  the  com- 
fort of  the  valetudinarian.  Turning  again  to  the  shores 
of  New  Jersey  on  the  west,  we  find  no  less  inviting 
attractions. 

JERSEY  CITY, 

With  its  prodigious  Depot  of  the  Philadelphia  and  other 
trains,  its  noble  Ferry  Depot,  and  its  numerous  facto- 
ries, streets  of  busy  merchants,  &c,  first  greet  us.  This 
city  is  the  starting  point  of  several  important  railroad 
trains,  which  convey  the  tourist  at  almost  any  hour  to 
the  several  places  we  shall  briefly  specify :  namely-  - 

PATERSON, 

A  large  manufacturing  village,  with  its  picturesque  Falls 
of  the  Passaic — one  of  the  most  romantic  cascades  that 
are  to  be  seen.  The  water  is  not  of  great  volume,  but 
its  precipitous  leap  over  rocky  precipices,  gives  to  tjie 
scene  a  beautiful  effect. 

ELIZABETH  CITY 

Is  another  place  of  interest,  not  only  from  its  being  one 
of  the  oldest  settlements  in  the  State  (1664),  but  also 
on  account  of  its  handsome  buildings,  and  beautifully 
arranged  streets,  which  are  garnished  with  the  richest 
foliage. 

NEWARK, 

One  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  cities  of  the 
State,  is  fast  becoming  a  great  centre  of  activity  in  all 
the  useful  arts.  Being  a  convenient  halting-place  for 
the  Philadelphia  trains,  this  city  has  increased  with 
wonderful  rapidity  during  a  few  years.  It  abounds 
with  magnificent  churches,  and  is  considered  in  all  re- 
spects a  model  city  for  its  municipal  and  civil  order. 
Newark's  first  settlement  is  ascribed  to  an  ancient  date, 
1666,  by  a  colony  from  New  England.  Many  other 
adjacent  places  might  be  mentioned,  as  worthy  of  note, 
such  as 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


131 


NEW  BRUNSWICK, 

Also  an  incorporated  city,  with  its  celebrated  Prince- 
ton College,  &c, 

PERTH  AMBOY, 

So  named  from  its  originally  having  been  chartered  to 
the  Earl  of  Perth  in  1683,  is  a  neat  and  picturesque 
watering-place. 


DISTANCES  IN  THE  CITY. 


j       FROM        I  FROM 
EXCHANGE.   CITY  □  ALL. 


5  mile. 

Kector  street. 

i 

£  mile. 

Fulton, 

uity  nail. 

1 

s 

j  mile. 

Leonard. 

1* 

i 

1 

Canal. 

i 

Spring. 

1 

Houston. 

S 

I1 

M 

Fourth. 

24 

l| 

Ninth. 

2* 

H 

Fourteenth. 

si 

8 

2i 

2 

Nineteenth. 

2} 
3 

24 

Twenty-fourth. 

24 

Twenty-ninth. 

B| 

3i 

21 

Thirty-fourth. 

3j 

84 

3 

Thirty-eighth. 

4 

8* 

8| 

Forty-fourth. 

H 

4 

84 
3| 

Forty-ninth. 

H 

Fifty-fourth. 

45 

4 

Fifty-eighth. 

5 

44 

Sixty-third. 

H 

5 

4* 
44 

Sixty-eighth. 

54 

g* 

Seventy-third. 

5| 

5 

Seventy-eighth. 

6 

? 

54 

Eighty-third. 

61 

54 

Eighty-eighth. 

64 

5f 

Ninety-third. 

6* 

64 

6 

Ninety-seventh. 

One  Hundred  and  Second. 

7 

6J 

64 

3 

7 

64 

One  Hundred  and  Seventh. 

T4 

One  Hundred  and  Twelfth. 

? 

Ti 

?» 

One  Hundred  and  Seventeenth. 

Tf 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-first. 

8* 

8 

74 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth. 

132 


THE  HUDSON  RIYEK. 


STREETS  AND  AVENUES. 

The  length  of  the  blocks  between  First  and  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-first  streets,  vary  from  181  to 
211  feet  11  inches. 

Those  between  the  Avenues  (which  run  at  righv 
angles  to  the  streets),  vary  from  405  to  920  feet. 

The  Avenues  are  all  100  feet  wide,  excepting  Lex- 
ington and  Madison,  which  are  75,  and  Fourth  Avenue, 
above  Thirty-fourth  street,  which  is  140  feet  wide. 

The  numerical  streets  are  all  60  feet  wide,  excepting 
Fourteenth,  Twenty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  Forty-second, 
and  eleven  others,  north  of  these,  which  are  100  feet 
wide. 


THE  HUDSON  RIVER. 

The  tour  of  the  noble  Hudson  is  of  such  especial  at- 
traction and  interest  to  travellers,  that  we  deem  it  fit- 
ting to  devote  a  page  or  two  to  its  description.  This 
magnificent  river  has  been  appropriately  styled  the 
Rhine  of  America,  on  account  of  its  bold  and  pictur- 
esque scenery,  which  presents  every  variety  of  the 
beautiful  in  nature.  On  the  western  shores  may  be 
seen  the  long  line  of  its  natural  ramparts — the  pali- 
sades; on  the  opposite  side,  its  magnificent  slopes  and 
towering  heights  crowned  with  numerous  elegant  coun- 
try mansions.  Adjacent  to  West  Point  are  the  colos- 
sal Highlands — those  grand  old  mountain-peaks  that 
rear  themselves  into  the  blue  sky;  and  farther  up,  on 
either  side,  are  the  numerous  towns  and  hamlets  that 
gem  the  margin  of  this  renowned  historic  river.  Not 
alone  for  physical  beauty  is  the  Hudson  celebrated ;  it 
is  full  of  historic  and  legendary  lore.  Its  waters  are 
vocal  with  the  hallowed  reminiscences  of  our  Revolu- 
tionary struggle ;  and  all  along  its  shores  linger  memo 


OITT  OF  NEW  rORK. 


133 


ries  of  heroic  deeds  of  our  forefathers.  Its  rocks  and 
valleys  are  chronicled  with  the  blood  of  the  martyrs 
and  heroes  of  freedom. 

What  though  no  cloister  gray,  nor  ivied  column, 

Along  these  cliffs  their  sombre  ruins  rear; 
What  though  no  frowning  tower,  nor  temple  solemn, 

Of  tyrants  tell  of  superstition  here ; 
There's  not  a  verdant  glade,  nor  mountain  hoary, 
But  treasures  up  the  memory  of  freedom's  story. 

"While  nature  has  been  thus  lavish  in  her  decorations 
of  this  noble  river,  art  has  fitted  up  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  lover  of  the  picturesque,  those  costly  and 
elegant  aquatic  palaces — the  steamboats,  which  have 
been  long,  and  so  justly,  the  pride  of  New  York.  Har- 
riet Martineau  mentions,  in  her  book  on  America,  that 
if  she  were  a  New  Yorker,  she  would  sleep  three  nights 
out  of  the  week,  during  summer,  time,  on  board  the 
Hudson  river  steamers.  These  floating  palaces  are  the 
frequent  resort,  not  only  of  the  stranger,  but  also  of  the 
jenizens  of  the  city,  who  seek  the  refreshing  free  air 
*nd  enchanting  scenery  afforded  by  such  an  excursion. 
As  the  vessel  leaves  the  dock,  we  first  pass  the  Elysian 
fields  of  Hoboken,  Weehawken  bluff,  and  Bergen  heights, 
on  the  west,  and  the  long  line  of  the  city  wharves  and 
factories  on  the  east.  A  little  farther  onward  rises 
Fort  Lee,  a  rocky  bluff  which  commences  the  palisades, 
and  which  extend  some  twenty-five  miles  up  the  river, 
and  then  strike  inland.  The  palisade  range  are  of  trap- 
rock,  and  resemble  the  Giant's  Causeway,  in  Ireland. 
The  island  of  Manhattan,  on  which  New  York  is  situ- 
ated, is  of  primitive  granite,  while  the  opposite  shore 
is  of  the  tertiary  formation.  Among  other  prominent 
buildings  which  garnish  the  edge  of  the  island,  may  be 
seen  the  Orphan  and  the  Lunatic  Asylums,  also  numer- 
ous cottages  and  villas.  The  town  of  Manhattanlille 
is  next  visible,  beautifully  embosomed  in  a  valley,  being 
surrounded  with  hills.  Here  the  celebrated  naturalist 
Audubon  resided.  .  Carmansville,  about  nine  miles 
from  the  city  proper,  is  clustered  with  neat  rural  resi- 
dences, and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  New  Yorkers,  as  a 


lo4  THE  HUDSON  RIVER. 

auburban  retreat.  Near  this  spot  is  the  High  Bridge, 
which  carries  the  Croton  aqueduct  across  the  Harlem 
river.  One  mile  farther  is  the  bold,  rocky  height, 
known  as  Fort  Washington,  memorable  in  our  Revolu- 
tionary annals.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  sanguinary  en 
counter  with  the  invading  army,  in  which  the  British 
lost  eight  hundred  men,  and  we  some  two  thousand 
prisoners.  The  next  object  of  interest  is  Spuyten  Duy- 
vel  Greek,  the  origin  of  which  name  is  humorously  de- 
scribed in  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York. 
This  stream,  which  flows  into  the  Harlem  river,  forms 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  island  of  Manhattan. 
The  next  town  we  meet,  some  sixteen  miles  from  the 
city  of  New  York,  is  Yonkers,  a  beautiful  and  pic- 
turesque spot,  and  one  of  great  resort  as  a  rural  re- 
treat. It  is  full  of  elegant  villas  and  pretty  cottages. 
Near  the  town  are  Fordham,  with  its  Roman  Catholic 
College,  and  TetaroVs  Hill,  noted  in  Revolutionary 
history.  Hastings  is  the  next  place  of  note.  Here 
the  palisades  begin  to  recede  from  the  river.  DoWs 
Ferry,  an  important  spot  in  Revolutionary  times,  is 
situate  on  the  western  shore.  On  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river  is  the  residence  of  Washington  Irving — Sunny- 
side.  This  beautiful,  antique  villa  is  scarcely  visible 
from  the  water,  being  enveloped  with  the  thick  foliage 
which  surrounds  it.  It  is  styled  Wolfevtfs  Boost,  in 
the  "  Sketch  Book."  The  pleasure-grounds  of  Mr. 
Irving's  residence  are  laid  out  with  excellent  taste,  and 
the  picturesque  beauty  of  the  place,  as  well  as  the 
world-wide  fame  of  the  author,  render  it  the  great 
attraction  of  tourists  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  We 
notice  a  little  further  up,  Piermont,  on  the  west,  the 
starting  point  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  About  three 
miles  beyond  is  Tappan  village,  with  its  spreading  bay. 
Tappan  is  celebrated  as  being  the  head-quarters  of 
Washington  during  the  war  of  Independence,  and  also 
of  being  the  place  of  Major  Andre's  execution,  in  1780. 
Tarrytown,  distant  twenty-six  miles  from  New  York, 
is  famed  as  the  place  of  the  capture  of  Andre,  by 


01TY  OF  NEW  TOEK. 


135 


Paulding  and  his  compatriots.  The  spot  is  indicated 
by  a  monument,  erected  about  half  a  mile  northward 
of  the  town.  About  two  miles  distant  is  "  Sleepy  Hol- 
low," the  scene  of  Ichabod  Crane's  adventure  with  the 
"  Galloping  Hessian,"  so  amusingly  described  by  Irving, 
in  his  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow.  The  scene  is  in  ex- 
cellent keeping  with  the  story — a  death-like  stillness 
reigns  here,  which  is  only  disturbed  by  the  low  mur- 
muring of  the  mill-stream.  Every  person  who  wants 
a  fitting  book  to  amuse  him  on  his  trip  up  the  Hudson, 
should  make  Irving's  Sketch  Booh  his  companion  du 
voyage. 

Sing-Sing,  32  miles  distant,  is  now  in  view,  and  from 
its  elevated  position  presents  an  imposing  aspect.  Here 
is  the  State  Prison,  444  feet  in  length,  built  of  marble 
dug  from  the  neighboring  quarries.  Opposite  Sing- 
Sing,  across  Tappan  Bay,  which  at  this  point  is  widest, 
is  Verdritege's  Hook,  a  bold  headland,  on  the  summit 
of  which  is  a  lake,  the  source  of  the  Hackensack  river. 
Groton  Village  is  3  miles  farther,  with  ifs  river  which 
supplies  New  York  with  its  water.  The  Croton  Aque- 
duct and  Reservoir  are  objects  of  great  interest.  These 
splendid  works  cost  about  $14,000,000.  The  fountain 
reservoir  is  40  miles  from  New  York.  The  dam  built 
at  this  place  is  25G  fcet  long,  70  wide  at  the  base.  On 
the  western  side  is  Hm&i  <+raw,  and  3  miles  above  it 
Stony  Point,  the  site  ot  the  historic  fort  of  that  name. 
Directly  opposite  is  VerplanFs  Point,  also  interesting 
for  its  historic  associations.  Peekskill  is  a  romantic 
and  picturesque  place,  and  abounds  with  beautiful  resi- 
dences. On  the  opposite  shore  is  CaldwelVs  Landing, 
which  is  at  the  base  of  the  Dunderburg,  or  thunder- 
fountain.  Passing  on,  we  next  see  the  small  but  pic- 
turesque Buttermilk  Falls,  about  200  feet  in  descent. 
West  Point,  distant  50  miles,  is  the  next  place  of  at- 
traction, and  affords,  doubtless,  the  most  magnificent 
series  of  beautiful  scenery  in  America.  It  is  surround- 
ed with  the  Highlands,  and  commands  from  its  great 
elevation  an  extensive  and  ever-varying  succession  of 


136 


THE  HUDSON  RIVER. 


picturesque  aspects.  The  Military  Academy  is  one  of 
the  noble  institutions  of  the  Government,  and  an  object 
of  great  interest.  The  beautiful  grounds  attached  are 
laid  out  with  taste  and  elegance,  and  are  much  resorted 
to  by  visitors.  The  Hotel  is  an  establishment  of  the 
first  class,  and  excellent  in  all  its  appointments.  The 
view  from  the  observatory  of  this  hotel  is  very  exten- 
sive and  imposing.  Near  the  steamboat  landing  is  seen 
the  rock  from  which  the  chain  was  stretched  across  the 
river  during  the  Revolutionary  war.  Almost  every 
spot  of  ground  at  West  Point  has  historic  interest. 
Fort  Clinton  stood  where  the  Academy  is  now.  Fort 
Putnam,  and  most  others,  are  now  in  ruins.  Passing 
through  the  magnificent  mountain  range  we  reach  Cold 
Spring  and  Under  cliff,  the  residence  of  Gen.  G.  P. 
Morris.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  but  invisible 
from  the  water,  is  Idlewild,  the  residence  of  N.  P. 
Willis.  The  next  prominent  village  is  Fishkill,  60 
miles  distant,  and  here  the  mountain  scenery  is  in  all 
its  grandeur ;  but  we  soon  pass  to  a  different  style  of 
the  picturesque.  Newburg,  on  the  opposite  shore, 
noted  as  the  head-quarters  of  Washington,  is  a  large 
town,  built  on  a  steep  acclivity.  The  next  place  of 
note  is  Poughkeepsie,  also  built  on  an  eminence,  and 
eminently  picturesque.  There  are  numerous  minor  vil- 
lages, along  either  shore,  all  the  way  on  to  Albany,  the 
capital  of  the  State ;  but  as  the  pleasure  tourist  may 
not  possibly  wish  to  extend  his  trip  to  150  miles,  we 
6hall  here  respectfully  part  company. 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


SUPPLEMENTAL  HINTS. 

Persons  who,  for  the  first  time,  visit  a  great  city  like 
that  we  have  already  briefly  described,  doubtless  fancy 
themselves  in  a  very  Babel  of  excitement  and  confu- 
sion; and  would  gladly  accept  the  services  of  some 
good  cicerone,  or  guide,  who  could  conduct  them 
through  its  perplexing  mazes,  pointing  out  what  there 
is  to  see,  and  how  to  see  it.  No  city  of  the  New  World 
is  so  truly  cosmopolitan  in  its  character  as  New  York ; 
consequently  it  presents  an  almost  endless  variety  of 
objects  of  interest  for  the  visitor.  It  is  difficult  to  de- 
scribe its  many-hued  aspects,  for  it  is,  in  fact,  an  epit- 
ome of  the  civilized  world ;  and  the  physical  as  well 
as  the  moral  aspects  of  the  city  present  a  like  compli- 
cated character. 

As  the  tour  of  the  entire  city  would  be  a  too  ardu- 
ous performance  for  a  pedestrian,  we  would  advise  the 
visitor  to  limit  his  perambulations  to  Broadway,  from 
the  Bowling  Green  to  Union  Square.  Along  this  great 
promenade  he  will  see  enough  to  engage  his  attention 
for  one  day.  Here  are  to  be  seen  a  long  succession 
of  splendid  marble  stores,  churches,  theatres,  etc. 
Throughout  the  whole  length  of  this  great  artery  of 
the  city,  are  to  be  seen  the  ebb  and  flow  of  a  ceaseless 
tide  of  human  beings,  of  every  class  and  order;  the 
belles  and  beaux  of  fashion,  the  busy  devotees  of  toil, 
and  the  hapless  ones  who  have  not  the  will  to  work ; 
men  who  seek  their  illicit  gains  at  the  gaming-table, 
and  who  practise  upon  the  unwary  at  mock  auctions. 

Commencing,  then,  our  journey  up  Broadway  from 
the  Bowling  Green,  the  first  noteworthy  object  we  ob- 
serve is  the  hotel  at  the  southwestern  corner,  formerly 
Kennedy  House,  described  in  the  chapter  on  Historical 
Localities.  Passing  several  rows  of  stone  buildings, 
including  AdanCs  Express  office,  we  reach  Trinity 


138 


SUPPLEMENTAL  HINTS. 


Church,  the  metropolitan  church,  which,  being  opeD 
to  visitors,  should  certainly  claim  our  attention.  Not 
only  should  the  interior  be  seen,  but  we  ought  to 
ascend  the  lofty  steeple  to  view  the  magnificent  pano- 
rama it  affords  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs.  We  ought 
also  to  take  a  saunter  among  the  venerable  memorials 
of  the  sainted  dead,  not  forgetting  the  recently  erected 
Gothic  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  martyrs  of  our 
Revolutionary  struggle.  Leaving  Trinity  Church  and 
looking  down  Wall  street,  immediately  opposite,  we 
catch  a  partial  glimpse  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
on  the  north  side;  and  further  down  on  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  street,  the  Custom  house,  a  huge, 
colossal  granite  structure,  where  importers  do  chiefly 
congregate.  On  the  corner  of  Wall  street  and  Broad- 
way stands  the  elegant  edifice  of  the  Bank  of  the  Re- 
public, and  at  the  junction  of  the  next  (Pine)  street 
we  see  the  Metropolitan  Bank ;  also,  a  superb  marble 
building,  occupied  by  Insurance  Offices,  &c.  We  now 
need  Argus'  hundred  eyes  to  look  about  us;  for  not 
only  is  it  a  perilous  thing  to  attempt  to  pass  over  from 
one  side  of  the  street  to  the  other  from  the  incessant 
crowding  of  all  sorts  of  vehicles,  but  we  are  every 
moment  in  danger  of  being  jostled  or  pushed  aside  by 
the  still  greater  crowds  of  pedestrians,  all  eagerly  in 
pursuit  of  something.  There  are  some  further  demands 
made  upon  us,  also,  by  the  shops  which  invite  our  curi- 
osity by  their  novel  and  motley  contents.  We  now 
reach  the  junction  of  Fulton  street  and  Old  St.  Paul's 
Church,  with  its  sacred  inclosure,  containing  the  tall 
monument  of  the  patriot  Ernmett,  and  the  tombs  of 
other  celebrated  characters.  We  pass  on  a  few  paces  to 
the  Astor  House,  the  earliest  establishment  of  its  class, 
and  still  one  of  the  most  elegant  of  the  larger  hotels  of  the 
city.  Here  we  see  the  Park,  City  Hall,  the  Times  Office, 
and  the  Tribune  building. 

The  New  York  Herald  building,  on  the  corner  of  Ann 
street  and  Broadway,  is  the  most  elegant  building  in  the 
country  from  which  any  paper  is  issued.    It  is  built  of 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


139 


white  marble.  No  person  can  pass  up  Broadway  with* 
out  noticing  this  magnificent  edifice.  The  eye  of  the 
stranger  is  next  attracted  to  the  beautiful  brown  stone 
building  on  the  corner  of  Park  Place,  occupied  by  the 
Broadway  National  Bank, 

In  the  intersecting  streets  to  the  west,  between  the 
Astor  House  and  Stewart s,  we  catch  a  glimpse  of  long 
lines  of  splendid  marble  buildings,  which  give  an  imposing 
indication  of  the  mercantile  opulence  of  the  city. 

Just  opposite  the  new  Court  House  we  notice,  at  the 
junction  of  Chambers  street  and  Broadway,  Stewart's  Dry 
Goods  Palace,  occupying  an  entire  block  on  Broadway. 
This  is  the  great  emporium  of  costly  shawls,  silks,  bro- 
cades, &c.  It  is  now,  however,  devoted  to  the  wholesale 
trade,  the  retail  being  removed  to  Stewart's  new  palace 
on  Broadway,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets. 

Passing  up  Broadway  we  soon  approach  the  site  of  the 
old  New  York  Hospital,  on  which  has  been  recently 
erected  a  beautiful  row  of  stores.  Opposite  is  a  beautiful 
marble  structure  of  Judge  Whiting's,  now  occupied  by 
Messrs.  S.  B.  Chittenden  &  Co.,  the  famous  dry  goods 
merchants.  As  we  continue  our  up-town  progress,  we 
pass  numerous  other  large  buildings,  including  the  most 
magnificent  structure  of  the  New  York  Life  Insurance 
Company,  which  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Leonard 
street  and  Broadway.  This  is  the  most  perfect  building, 
in  every  respect,  devoted  to  Life  Insurance,  in  the  coun- 
try. We  next  observe,  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  street, 
the  brown  stone  structure  formerly  occupied  by  the  Mer- 
chant's Union  Express  Company. 

On  the  corner  of  White  street  Mr.  Astor  has  erected  a 
beautiful  white  marble  building.  This  is  one  of  the  orna- 
ments of  Broadway.  On  the  opposite  side  the  Ninth  Na- 
tional Bank  have  just  erected  a  beautiful  white  marble 
building. 

We  now  cross  Canal  street,  which,  until  within  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century,  formed  the  boundary  limits  of  the  city  in 
this  direction.  Pursuing  our  tour  toward  Grand  street, 
we  notice  on  the  west  side  a  white  marble  structure  re- 


140 


SUPPLEMENTAL  HINTS. 


cently  erected.  Above,  on  the  east  side,  is  a  brown  stone 
building  occupied  by  Messrs.  Cochran,  McLean  &  Co.,  and 
opposite  to  it  Lord  &  Taylor  s  dry -goods  establishment, 
one  of  the  most  conspicuous  architectural  ornaments  of 
Broadway.  The  next  street  en  route  we  pass  is  Broome 
street,  at  the  corner  of  which  is  the  elegant  iron  building 
erected  by  Mr.  Langdon.  Further  on,  on  the  west  side, 
stands  the  celebrated  St.  Nicholas  hotel,  extending  to 
Spring  street.  On  the  opposite  corner  is  the  Prescott 
House,  with  its  gorgeous  dec*  rations.  The  next  import- 
ant edifice  that  we  meet  is  Ball.  Black  &  Co.'s  jewelry 
store,  which  is  a  most  magnificent  building.  Opposite  to 
this  is  the  Metropolitan  Hotel  and  Niblo's  TJieatre.  Stil! 
farther  up  we  cross  Bleecker  street  and  reach  G47.  This 
is  known  as  Miller's  bookstore.  No  stranger  should  come 
to  New  York  without  calling  to  inspect  his  fine  stock  of 
Books,  Chromos,  and  Stationery.  He  furnishes  mono- 
grams and  stamps  paper  at  the  shortest  notice,  and  is 
noted  for  the  taste  he  displays  in  each. 

Just  above  Miller's  bookstore  stands  the  famous  Grand 
Central  Hotel.  Broadway  is  proverbial  for  its  incessant 
changes  and  improvements,  but  from  Canal  street  to 
Grace  Church  these  mutations  will  be  found  most  con- 
spicuous to  persons  who  have  not  visited  the  city  for  the 
past  few  years.  Grace  Church  is  regarded  as  the  culmi- 
nating glory  of  Broadway.  Its  delicate  spire  and  richly 
chiselled  exterior,  as  well  as  its  superb,  though  too  gaudy 
interior,  renders  it  the  object  of  universal  observation, 
On  the  opposite  corner  of  Grace  Church  stands  Stewart's 
iron  dry-goods  palace,  occupying  one  whole  square.  On 
the  corner  of  Eleventh  street  stands  the  Methodist  Booh 
House.  A  short  distance  further  up  brings  us  to  Union 
Square,  with  its  inclosed  pleasure-grounds  and  fountain. 
Ou  either  side  are  elegant  mansions  and  hotels.  At  the 
north  the  Everett  House  meets  our  gaze,  on  the  west  Tif- 
fany's new  iron  building,  aud  on  the  southeast  corner  is 
the  Equestrian  Statue  of  Washington,  with  the  Union 
Square  Hotel,  &c.  From  this  point  we  catch  a  glimpse  of 
the  Academy  of  Music,  on  the  corner  of  14th  street  and 


CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


141 


Irving  Phce.  Our  peregrinations  are  not  yet  completed, 
The  Fourth  Avenue,  which  extends  northward  from  the 
east  side  of  Union  Square,  leads  us  to  numerous  objects 
of  interest,  such  as  Dr.  Bellow's  Church,  a  singular  speci- 
men of  medieval  architecture,  built  with  layers  of  different 
colored  bricks,  and  cased  with  stone  facings.  Next  comes 
Calvary  Church,  with  its  two  pointed  towers,  built  in  the 
cathedral  style,  and  Si.  PauTs  (Methodist)  Church,  of  pure 
marble,  are  adjacent.  We  have  before  indicated  that  the 
.Fifth  Avenue  is  the  headquarters  of  New  York  aristoc- 
racy, and  abounds  with  the  sumptuous  residences  of  ou.r 
merchant  princes.  This  splendid  avenue  extends  north- 
ward to  the  Harlem  '  River,  and  the  better  mode  of 
entering  upon  this  expedition,  is  to  hire  a  carriage  and 
take  a  leisurely  drive  through  this  grand  avenue  nf>"to 
the  Aqueduct  and  the  Central  Park.  It  would  be  well 
to  adopt  the  same  plan  with  the  eastern  part  of  the 
city,  to  the  Shipping- Yards,  Dry-Pocks,  &c.  Brook- 
lyn, which  is  virtually  a  part  of  New  York,  is  by  no 
means  to  be  omitted,  for  it  is  replete  with  interest,  and 
is  easily  accessible  by  means  of  the  several  ferries. 
The  churches  of  both  cities  are  fully  detailed,  for  these 
form  a  characteristic  feature,  and  well  deserve  the 
notice  of  the  tourist.  The  several  larger  hotels  are 
also  specified,  and  those  on  a  less  expensive  scale, 
which  abound  in  New  York,  can  be  ascertained  with- 
out difficulty.  The  visitor  should  not  forget  the  manv 
beautiful  environs  of  the  city. 


APPENDIX. 


THE  METROPOLITAN  POLICE. 

The  recently  organized  Department  of  Protective  and 
Detective  Police  of  New  York  is  considered  eminently  effec- 
tive and  successful.  The  heads  of  the  Department,  appointed 
by  the  Mayor  of  the  City,  comprise  a  Board  of  Commission- 
ers; Geo.  W.  Walling,  General  Superintendent ;  andSethC. 
Hawley,  Clerk,  etc.  By  the  last  quarterly  report,  it  ai">pears 
that  the  Police  Force  of  the  City  of  New  York  consists  of 
thirty-seven  Captains,  one  nundrcd  and  forty-one  Sergeants, 
ninety-seven  Roundsmen,  eighty  Detailments,  two  thousand 
two  hundred  and  twenty-live  Patrolmen,  and  sixty-five 
Doormen. 

The  Police  Telegraph  has  become  an  important  auxiliary 
in  the  prevention  and  detection  of  crime,  and  also  is  a  great 
convenience  to  the  public.  By  this  medium,  several  hundred 
lost  children  have  been  restored  to  their  homes,  and  many 
thousand  instances  of  criminals  brought  to  justice. 

By  the  statistics  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  it 
is  shown  that  the  most  fertile  source  of  crime  is  the  dram- 
shop. There  are  in  this  city  seven  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  seventy-nine  places  where  intoxicating  liquors  are  sold 
at  retail. 

The  police  force  of  Brooklyn  is  organized  on  the  same 
plan,  and  numbers  in  all  two  hundred  and  forty-eight. 

The  City  of  New  York  is  divided  into  thirty-five  Precincts, 
the  station-houses  of  which  are  situated  as  follows : 


1*  \> 


APPENDIX. 


143 


POLICE  STATIONS. 

Commissioners'  Office — 300  Mulberry  street. 

First  Precinct— station  House,  at  52  New  street. 

Second  Precinct— Station  House,  49  Beekman  street. 

Third  Precinct— Station  House,  160  Chambers  street. 

Fourth  Precinct— Station  House,  9  Oak  street. 

Fifth  Precinct— Station  House,  19  and  21  Leonard  street. 

Sixth  Precinct— Station  House,  9  Franklin  street. 

Seventh  Precinct— Station  House,  247  Madison  street. 

Eighth  Precinct—  Station  House,  Prince,  cor.  Wooster  street. 

Ninth  Precinct— Station  House,  94  Charles  street. 

Tenth  Precinct— Station  House,  87  and  89  Eldridge  street 

Eleventh  Precinct— Station  House,  Union  Market. 

Twelfth  Precinct— Station  House,  126th  street,  n.  Third  avenue. 

Thirteenth  Precinct— Station  House,  Attorney,  cor.  Delancey  st. 

Fourteenth  Precinct— Station  House,  53  Spring  street. 

Fifteenth  Precinct — Station  House,  220  Mercer  street. 

Sixteenth  Precinct— Station  House,  W.  Twentieth  street,  betwee. 

Seventh  and  Eighth  avenues. 
Seventeenth  Precinct— Station  House,  First  avenue,  cor.  Fifth  st. 
Eighteenth  Precinct — Station  House,  E.  Twenty-second  street,  neu 

Second  avenue. 

Nineteenth  Precinct — Station  House,  E.  Fifty-ninth  street,  near 
Third  avenue. 

Twentieth  Precinct— Station  House,  212  W.  Thirty-fifth  street. 
Twenty-first  Precinct— Station  House,  E.  Thirty-fifth  street,  neai 
Third  avenue. 

Twenty-second  Precinct— Station  House,  547  W.  Forty-seventh  st. 
Twenty-third  Precinct— Station  House,  E.  Eighty-sixth  street,  near 
Fourth  aveuue. 

Twenty -fourth  Precinct — Police  Steamboat,  foot  Whitehall  street. 
Twenty-fifth  Precinct — Station  House,  301  Mott  street. 
Twenty-sixth  Precinct — City  Hall. 

Twenty -seventh  Precinct— Station  House,  cor.  Liberty  and  Church 
streets. 

Twenty  eighth  Precinct — Station  House,  550  Greenwich  street. 
Twenty-ninth  Precinct — Station  House,  W.  Thirtieth  street,  be- 
tween Sixth  and  Seventh  avenues. 
Thirtieth  Precinct— Station  House,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
eighth  street  and  Broadway. 
\Thirty-first  Precinct— Station  House,  W.  One  Hundredth  street, 

between  Eighth  and  Ninth  avenues, 
i  Thirty-second  Precinct — Station  House,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty 

second  street,  cor.  Tenth  avenue. 
\Thirty-third  Precinct— Central  Park  Police. 
Thirty-fifth  Precinct— Station  House,  300  Mulberry  street 


HOW  TO  LEAVE  NEW  YORK. 


For  Philadelphia,  via  New  Jersey  R  R  T>~ 
Jersey  City.    ProtWL  to  *n  Ta.oa(|wav  fV_.-ce  to  the 
foot  of  Oortlandt  street,  and  cross  the  ±<erry. 

For  Philadelphia,  via  Camden  and  Amboy  R.  R. 
From  Pier  No.  24  North  River.  Proceed  to  No.  227 
Broadway,  and  west  through  Barclay  street  to  the  River. 

For  Boston,  via  Stonington  and  Providence.  From 
Pier  No.  18,  North  River.  Proceed  to  No.  171  Broad- 
way, and  west  through  Cortlandt  street  to  the  River. 

For  Boston,  via  Fall  River  and  Newport.  From  Pier 
No.  3,  North  River.  Proceed  to  No.  1  Broadway,  and 
west  through  Battery  Place  to  the  River. 

For  Boston,  via  Norwich  and  Worcester.  From  foot 
of  Vestry  street.  Proceed  to  No.  417  Broadway,  and 
thence  through  Canal  street  to  the  River. 

For  Boston,  via  New  Haven  R.  R.  Depot,  27th  street 
and  4th  Avenue.  Take  a  4th  Avenue  car,  which  starts 
from  Astor  House,  or  a  Broadway  and  4th  Avenue  stage, 
north  to  27th  street. 

For  Albany,  via  Hudson  River  R.  R.  Depot,  Warren 
street  and  College  Place.  Proceed  to  260  Broadway, 
west  in  Warren  street  to  College  Place. 

For  Albany,  via  Harlem  R.  R.  Depot,  26th  street 
cor.  4th  Avenue.  Take  a  4th  Avenue  car,  which  starts 
from  Astor  House,  or  a  Broadway  and  4th  Avenuo 
stage,  north  to  26th  street. 

For  Albany,  via  People's  Line  Steamboats.  From 
foot  of  Canal  street.  Proceed  in  Broadway  to  No.  417, 
and  west  through  Canal  street  to  the  River. 

For  Buffalo  or  Dunkirk,  via  N.  Y.  &  Erie  R.  R.  De- 
pot, foot  of  Duane  street.  Proceed  in  Broadway  to  No. 
303,  and  west  in  Duane  street  to  the  River. 

For  New  Haven,  by  Steamboat.  From  Peck  Slip. 
Proceed  to  No.  208  Broadway,  and  east  in  Fulton  street 
to  the  River ;  thence  northeast  two  blocks. 


OSGOOD'S 

American  juifle  Books. 

The  most  complete,  compact,  and  handy  Guide  Books  ever  issued.— 
Chicago  Inter- Ocean. 

v  NEW  ENGLAND. 

6  Maps  and  11  Plans.  $2. 

This  book  is  compact  and  crowded.  The  information  in  regard  to 
the  different  localities  is  full,  minute  and  exact. — Boston  Transcript. 

About  as  nearly  faultless  as  such  a  book  can  be.— New  York  Tri- 
bune. 

THE  MIDDLE  STATES. 

Centennial  Edition.  $2. 

No  previous  manual  is  so  copious  or  so  exact  in  its  treatment,  or  can 
be  consulted  to  so  great  advantage  by  the  tourist  in  the  Middle  Stated, 
as  a  trustworthy  guide. — New  York  Tribune. 

He  who  visits  the  Hudson,  Niagara,  Trenton,  or  any  other  of  the 
charming  resorts  described,  will  find  a  gain  of  comfort  in  taking  this 
Guide  Book  as  his  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend.— Boston  Post. 

THE  MARITIME  PROVINCES. 

A  guide  to  the  chief  Cities,  Coasts,  and  Islands  of  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces of  Canada.  $2. 

By  its  intrinsic  value,  copiousness  of  information,  and  impartiality, 
is  likely  to  take  the  place  of  all  other  Guides  or  Hand  Books  of  Canada 
which  we  know  of .—Quebec  Chronicle. 

THE  WHITE  MOUNTAINS. 

4  Maps.  6  Panoramas.  $2. 
A  complete  guide  to  all  the  Mountains,  Lakes,  and  places  of  interest 
in  the  14  Switzerland  of  America."    Beyond  comparison,  the  fullest  and 
most  complete  Guide  Book  of  the  mountain-region  yet  produced. — Bos- 
ton Courier.  [Ready  June  1.] 


***  For  sale  by  Booksellers.  Sent,  post-paid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 
the  Publishers, 

JAMES  R.  OSGOOD  &  CO., 

Boston. 


The  next  best  thing  to  daylight  yet  discovered. 

—N.  Y.  Tribune. 


1 V  E  S*  PAT  E  NT  LAMPS 


TH  E  BEST  LAMP  (EVER  USED 
Can  beLIGHTED,  FILLED. and TR I M MED 
WITHOUT  REMOVING  G  LO  B  E,  S  HADE  OR  CH  I MNEY 


Lamps,  Brackets  &  Chandeliers. 

IVES'  LAMP  produces  a  powerful  light,  and  for  the  Family  Cir- 
cle, Clergymen,  Lawyers,  Students,  and  lor  all  Industrial  purposes, 
it  is  the  best  lamp  ever  used,  combining  perfect  safety,  economy, 
beauty  and  convenience;  it  is  suspended  from  the  ceiling,  and  can 
at  will  be  lowered  to  any  desired  height. 

IVES'  PATENT  ATTACHMENTS  can  be  applied  to  all  lamps  in 
general  use. 

THE  IVES'  PATENT  LAMP  CO., 

41  Barclay  St.,  and  46  Park  Place,  New  York, 

Lamps  for  Export. 

Ives'  Patent  Lamps  seem  to  obviate  all  objec- 
tions.— N.  T.  Times. 


MANHATTAN 


Electrotype  and  Stereotype 


CRUM  &  RIHGLER, 

113  Nassau  Street, 

NEW  YORK. 

ALL  KINDS  OF  ELECTROTYPING  &  STEREOTYPING 

DONE  AT  THIS  ESTABLISHMENT. 


To  Printers.  Publishers,  and  the  General  Pnlc. 

We  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  our  improvements  and  increased 
facilities  for  the  manufacture  of  Electrotype  and  Stereotype  plates. 
By  the  acquirement  of  more  room,  the  introduction  of  more  machin- 
ery and  the  employment  of  more  skilled  labor,  we  now  have  a  foundry 
second  to  none  in  the  United  States. 

Many  of  the  Improvements  we  have  introduced  are  strictly  our 
own— the  result  of  years  of  study  and  practical  experience.  These, 
with  the  important  additions  already  mentioned,  enable  us  to  produce 
perfect  plates,  with  unusual  promptness  and  at  very  cheap  rates. 

Metal  Plates  for  Colored  Work  on  hand 

And  made  to  order  at  the  very  shortest  notice.  Also  Nickel  and 
Steel  Facing  done. 

Orders  by  mail  or  express  will  receive  immediate  attention. 


A  TEST  OF  THIRTY  YEARS. 

The  cheapest  because  the  best.  Fully  warranted. 
New  Styles  ready.  Send  for  Catalogue,  &c.  Ex- 
amine our  new  method  of  lighting  the  music  for 
evening  performance.  Constant  improvement  our 
P°llcy-  Styles  specially  adapted  for  Parlors, 
Churches,  Lodges,  Music  Halls  and  Conservatories. 
Address  the  Manufacturers. 

E.  P.  NEEDHAM  &  SON, 

Nos.  143,  145  and  147  East  23d  St.,  New  York. 


JOHN  HICKLE  &  CO, 


72  Broadway  &  11  New  Street, 


NEW  YORK, 


Buy  and  sell  Stocks,  Bonds  and  Gold  on  small  margins  ;  Stock  privi- 
leges negotiated  ;  contracts  at  lowest  rates  and  only  on  responsible 
firms.  Collections  made  and  drafts  issued  on  all  points.  We  give  per- 
sonal attention  to  orders  by  mail  and  telegraph  and  publish  a  72  page 
book  entitled 

Men  and  Idioms  of  Wall  Street, 

and  the  Wall  Street  Review,  giving  quotations  and  valuable  informa- 
tion how  to  make  money  in  Stock  speculations  on  limited  risks. 

Copies  sent  free  to  any  Address, 

We  make  investments  from  $25,  $50,  $100,  $500,  and  upward  for  cus- 
tomers in  legitimate  stock  transactions.  Profits  every  30  days.  Parties 
wishing  to  speculate  should  call  on  or  write  to 

JOHN  HICKLING  &  CO., 

72  Sroadnay y  J\ren'  York. 


BROADWAY,  28TH  &  29TH  STREETS, 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 


GRADUATED  PRICES, 

For  Room  and  Board,  $3.50  to  $4.00  per  Day,  accord- 
ing to  the  Apartments  occupied. 


Every  room  in  the  House  lias  Gas,  Water  and  Electric 
Bell,  and  all  the  floors  are  reached  by  the  most  approved 
style  of  Elevator. 

The  Sturtevant  is  in  the  center  of  the  city — location  un- 
surpassed for  pleasure,  travel  or  business — occupying  the 
block  between  Twenty-Eighth  and  Twenty-Ninth  Streets, 
and  extending  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet  on  Twenty- 
Ninth  Street.  To  its  unsurpassed  accommodations  for 
gentlemen,  it  has  added  one  hundred  suits  of  large  family 
rooms  on  Twenty-Ninth  Street. 

The  Sturtevant  is  near  the  principal  Theaters.  Cars 
pass  the  door  for  Central  Park.  Table  d'Hotes  unsur- 
passed. 

LEWIS  &  GEO.  S.  LELAND, 

PROPRIETORS. 

The  other  hotels  kept  by  the  Lelands  are :  Delavan 
House,  Albany ;  Clarendon  Hotel,  Saratoga  Springs  ;  Ocean 
Hotel,  Long  Branch  ;  Palace  Hotel,  San  Francisco;  Eutaw 
House,  Baltimore ;  Cafe  Leland,  Main  Building,  Interna- 
tional Exhibition,  Philadelphia;  Leland  Hotel,  Springfield, 
Illinois. 


bo 

a 
a 


v2 


60  - 

5  5 


♦     75  S 

bo 

d  Sr 

§  .2 
gad 

P  Q  O 
H     D  « 


bo 

d 

1 

o 
6 


9 


3 


.d 

.2  - 


1= 


o  bD 


5  ^ 


3 


o 

s 

d 

o 


d 
d 


d 


bo  5 

d  ° 


*  d 


!*  '3 
15  S  44 


S  bp 

a  .2 


5 


M  £ 


^  M 
>    ^  > 

d  ^ 


•A  cq 

i 

i;  » 

^  5(  T 

*  i  i 

e  ^  c 
«  ~~  ■- 

&  *  s. 
1 1  • 

a.  £ 

©  »  = 

*  *  a 

„ 

2  1  * 
ft.*5 

5  |  □ 

e  a  w 

si  © 
?  *  s 


-'iii  © 

^  8    L  O 


U    5-1    ^.    ft  £ 

b  *•  s 

r*  V  O 


WEED 

Sewing  Machine  Co. 

EVERYBODY  SHOULD  EXAMLVE  THE 

Weed  $ewii\^  ^Iadh;i:qe$. 

The         F."  machine  for  family  work  has  no  equal. 

A  CHILD  CAN  ROT  IT, 

Because  it  is  Simjile  and  runs  Easy^  makes  a  Loch- 
stitch9  and  does  not  rip. 

The  new  u  G.F."  for  manufacturing-  is  superior  to 
any  ever  made. 


£raqcl\  Offices'  ai\d  S?gei\die$. 
26  Union  Square,  -         -  Xew  York. 

18  Avon  Street,    -  Boston. 
53  North  Charles  Street,  -         -  Baltimore. 
1307  Chestnut  Street,    -         -         -  Philadelphia. 
182  Canal  Street,  -         -         New  Orleans- 

235  West  4th  Street,     -         -         -  Cincinnati. 
203  &  205  Wabash  Avenue,  -  Chicago. 

And  in  all  large  towns  and  cities. 


KELLEY'S 


imafiire 


5* 


1.  I  purpose  making  work 
that  is  unsurpassed  in  the 
city  at  very  low  prices. 

2.  I  remove  all  the  freckles 

3.  I  introduce  and  make 
all  the  popular  styles  of  pic- 
tures now  being  made. 

4.  1  make  life  size,  copied 
from  the  smallest  pictures, 
equally  as  good  as  taken  from 
life. 

5.  My  price  for  Rembrant 
Cabinet  Cards,  satin  finish, 
is  only  $8  per  dozen,  such 
as  other  first-class  galleries 
charge  from  $10  to  $15. 

6.  Please  call  and  examine 
specimens  and  satisfy  your- 
self. 

7.  Remember  at 

KELLEY'S 
No.  832  Broadway, 

EAST  SIDE, 

Bet.  12th  and  13th  Sts. 


No.  832  Broadway,  N.  Y.  , 


East  Side,  bet.  12tli  and  13tli  Sts. 


Porcelain  Pictures  and  Photographs  of  all  sizes  finished 
in  Superior  Style,  and  Colored  in  Oil  or  Water  Colors. 

Old  Pictures  Copied  and  Enlarged  to  any  size  and  colored 
in  Oil,  Crayon,  Pastel  or  Ink. 

All  first-clas3  work  at  reduced  rates.  Life  size  Crayons 
a  specialty. 


JOSEPH  GILLOTT'S 

Steel  Pens 


SOLD  BY  ALL  DEALERS. 


JOSEPH  GILLOTT  &  SONS, 

91  JOHN  STREET,  N.  Y 

HENRY  HOE,  Sole  Agent. 


a.  A.  KUNDAHL, 

BOOKBINDER, 

416  Broome  Street,  N.  Y., 

Would  respectfully  inform  Publishers,  Booksellers,  and  the  Trade 
generally,  that  he  is  now  prepared  to  execute  JOB  BOOKBINDING, 
and  also  for  the  Binding  of  Editions  of  a  Book  in 

Half  and  Full  Calf;  or  Turkey  Morocco,  gilt  or  plain, 

and  in  antique  styles. 

Rich  and  plain  Half-bindings  for  Magazines,  Music,  &c 

Booksellers  and  others  who  desire  work  done  in  any  of  the 
above  styles  of  Binding,  would  find  it  to  their  interest  to  call 
upon  us,  examine  our  work,  and  obtain  an  estimate  of  prices, 
before  having  the  work  executed  elsewhere. 


E.  &  H.  T.  ANTHONY  &  CO., 


UNTIE "W"  YORK, 

opposite  Metropolitan  Hotel, 
IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS  &  DEALERS  IN 

CBEOMOS, 

STEREOSCOPES  AND  VIEWS. 

ALBUMS  AND  PHOTOGRAPHIC  MATERIALS, 

GRAPHOSCOPES. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Slides  a  Specialty 


ROBERT  SNEIDER, 

MANUFACTURING   AND  IMPORTING 


STATIONER 


ENGRAVER,  LITHOGRAPHER  and  PRINTER, 

Knvelope  Manufacturer, 
37  JOHN  STREET, 

Near  Nassau,  XEW  YORK. 

Letter,  Note  and  Billheads. 

Crests,  Monograms  and  Ciphers 

For  Fine  Note  Papers  and  Envelopes. 
THE  LARGEST  VARIETY  OF 

Fine  Initial  Boxes. 

Order's  of  ^cLTLcLrtg,  ^ctclges^ 

jilenus.  anil  Winner  'Wards. 


W.  J.  MILLER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 


Picture  Frame  Mouldings. 


WALNUT  MOULDINGS, 

Veneered,  Polished  or  Plain. 


prepared  n^oxjii.iDinsra-s, 

Mounted,  Sanded  or  Fluted. 


SQUARE  &  FRANKS  MASK  T@  @RBKR 

For  the  Trade  only.    Also  all  kinds  of 

LOOKING-GLASS  FRAME-WORK, 

Made  of  the  best  material,  from  new  designs  and  of  the  best  work- 
manship. 


PHOTOGRAPHS  OF  THE  LATEST  STYLES 

OF 

J-/OOKING  -  JjrL&SS  j^RA/AES 

Constantly  on  hand  and  furnished  when  required. 


Manufactory  and.  Office, 

376  BROOME  STREET,  NEW  YORK, 


HENRY  LEVY  &  SON, 


122  &  124  DUANE  STREET, 


Comer  of  Church, 
are  now  manufacturing  a  line  of  new  pattern 


which,  in  conjunction  with  their  Imported  Goods,  will  con- 
stitute an  assortment  unequaled  by  any  house  in  the 
United  States. 


and  a  handsome  line  of  Novelties  in 

Leather,  Wood,  and  Bronze, 

at 

HENRY  LEVY  &  SON'S, 

122  &  124  DUANE  ST. 


HENRY  LEVY  &  SON, 

Formerly  of 
49  MAIDEN  JLAXE, 

having  removed  to 

122  &  124  DUANE  STREET, 

will  open  for  the  coming  Fall  season  a  line  of 

Fancy  M  and  Mel  Articles. 

suited  to  the  wants  of 

Druggists, 

Jewelers, 

Stationers, 

and  first-class  NOTION  and  FANCY  GOODS  HOUSES. 


WRITING  DESKS, 

FINE  LEATHER  GOODS, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  ALBUMS, 

at  Prices  that  will  more  than  favorably  compare  with  any 
other  house. 

LOOK  AT  THE  OTHER  SIDE. 


Bt'okdway, 

(OPPOSITE  METROPOLITAN  HOTEL). 


First-class  work  at  prices  consistent  with  the 
times,  and  less  than  one-half  the  rates  of  those 
whc  charge  fancy  prices. 


B87  Broadway, 


(Opposite  Metropolitan  Hotel.) 


NEW  YORK. 


Hamilton  Fire  Insurance  Co., 

Office,  No.  11  Wall  Street, 
NEW  YORK. 


Assets, 
Capital, 

Surplus, 


$363,431 
150,000 

$213,4=31 


INSURE  AT  LOWEST   RAT  ES. 
LOSSES  PROMPTLY  FAZD. 

D.  D.  WHITNEY,  Pros' t.  D.  D.  LEEDS,  Sec'y. 


DIRECTORS, 


HENRY  DAVID, 
CHARLES  JENKINS, 
M.  M.  VAN  BUREN, 
J.  W.  BROWN, 
EDWARD  SCULLY, 
B.  A.  MAYEREAU, 
WILLIAM  MILES, 
NELSON  SAMMIS, 
JOSIAH  M.  WHITNEY, 
CLEMENT  S.  PARSONS, 
HAML'N  BLYDENBURGH, 
DANIEL  D.  WHITNEY, 
ABRAM  WAKEMAN, 
R.  G.  HATFIELD, 
CYRUS  H.  LOUTREL, 
ISRAEL  C.  LAWRENCE, 


BERNARD  McFEELY, 
MERRITT  H.  SMITH, 
J.  WINDMULLER, 
WM.  H.  MONTANYE, 
JOHN  A.  BAUSH, 
JAMES  NEEVES, 
THOMAS  WEBB, 
GEORGE  C.  JEFFERIES, 
NOAH  A.  CHILDS, 
JOHN  M.  BIX  BY,, 
ANDREW  J.  BLEAKLEY, 
NICHOLAS  SEAGRIST, 
DAVID  MAHANY, 
JOHN  ROMER, 
J.  B.  BLYDENBURGH, 
H.  J.  BARINGER. 


THE 


Iff OBI 


JVradtnt  %tnmtMM  ^omjiaug, 

OF   HARTFORD,  CONN. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE  : 

352  BROADWAY. 

W.  A,  ARMSTRONG,  Manager. 

Issue  Monthly  and  Yearly  Policies,  and  General  Accident 
Tickets  for  the  Day  or  Week,  insuring  payment  of 
a  principal  sum  in  event  of  death  by  accident, 
and  indemnity  in  case  of  disabling  injuries. 


)AVII 


DAVID  CLARK, 
R.  D.  HUBBARD, 
T.  O.  EXDERS. 


DIRECTORS. 

WM.  A.  HEALEY, 
CIIAS.  E.  WILSON, 
SAM'L  L.  CLEMENS, 


GEO.  B.  LESTER, 
SAM'L  F.  JONES, 
T.  M.  MALTBIE. 


WM.  A.  HEALEY,  President. 
GEO.  B.  LESTER,  Vice-President, 
L.  H.  BRAINARD,  Secretary. 


DO  NOT  MISTAKE  THE  COMPANY. 


OP  HARTFORD,  CONN. 
J.  G.  BATTERSON,  President.  RODNEY  DENNIS,  Secretary. 

Cash  Assets,  $4,000,000. 

IS  Illli 

Larger  than  any  Company  issuing  Accident 
Policies  in  the  United  States  and 

Larger  than  any  Company  in  the  world. 

The  amount  paid  for  losses  to  policy  holders 
the  past  12  years  averages  $750  per  day. 

COST  OF  A  YEARLY  ACCIDENT  POLICY, 


Amount 
Insured 

Weekly 
Indemnity. 

ANNUAL  PREMIUM. 

Class 
Preferred. 

Class 
Ordinary. 

Class 
Medium. 

$1,000 
2,000 
3.000 
5,000 

10,000 

$5  00 
10  00 
15  00 
25  00 
50  00 

$5  00 
10  00 
15  00 

25  00 
50  00 

$7  50 
15  00 
22  50 
37  50 
75  00 

$10  00 
20  00 
30  00 
50  00 

Daily  Insurance  issued  at  25  cents  per  day  for  $3,000  with 
weekly  indemnity  of  $15  per  week  in  case  of  disabling  injury, 


New  York  Office,  207  Broadway. 

R.  M.  JOHNSON,  Manager. 


